Free Essays - Escape from Reality in A Farewell to Arms :: Farewell Arms Essays

Escape from Reality in A Farewell to Arms   In Ernest Hemingways A Farewell to Arms, Fredric Henry gets involved with Catherine Barkley to escape the craziness of war. Frederic loves Catherine. Catherine loves Frederic. The extreme situation of war and fate allowed both of them to be thr have got together and fall in love. This love for one early(a) was an escape into another world for Frederic. It provided him emotionally with a private place, where he could go to separate and evade the horrible realities of war occurring in and around him. Under any other normal circumstances this love probably would have never happened, but the pitcher had the curve ball in for Frederic from the first throw. He wanted him out.   From the beginning, Frederic and Catherines race started in a strange state. Frederic knew Catherine was a little cooky, but he still continued to pursue her. He did not even love her at first, but he still needed a way of escaping his present situation, so h e decided what the hell, and went after her. Plus, he really didnt think he had anything to loose. There were no bet named from the start. He didnt really care if he lost anyway.   I did not love Catherine Barkley nor had any idea of loving her. This was a game, like bridge, in which you said things instead of playing cards. Like bridge you had to pretend you were playing for money or playing for some stakes. Nobody had mentioned what the stakes were. It was all right with me. (Hemingway, 30-31)   But this is where Frederic made his mistake. He kept his distance from right and wrong regarding war and love. He had separated himself from war and seemed to have no place in it at all, mentally or physically (for example when he is in the hospital in Book Two). But when Aymo is killed by his own army, Frederic discovers the reality that he is not really separated from this event at all. He is very much part of this war whether he likes it or not.   At this point, he seem s to go a little crazy himself and gets scared. He needs a way to escape immediately and ends up separating himself again through love. Frederic had not been prepared for the stress and pressure of the reality he had faultily deluded himself from.

Exploring the Hindu Religion Essay -- Philosophy Religion Essays

Exploring the Hindu ReligionThe literary argument everyone is a Hindu is an extremely broad one that is open to often interpretation. This owes partly to the fact that Hinduism itself is a broad and vast religion with many ways of following. In this paper I seek to explain that the statement everyone is a Hindu is a worthy one because Hindus have a sense of interconnectedness in all organisms and life on earth, and that the ultimate goal of a person is to join the rest of the initiation in moksha. Additionally, the attribute of the Hinduism that lends well to the statement is that Hinduism is a very hospitable religion that not solitary(prenominal) requires no specific adherence or conversion, it stresses the understanding of other religions as well.If one ascribes to a particular religion, surely that person believes that his or her religion holds for everyone. This person would feel that there is only one god or Supreme be that rules over the universe and all its peoples. In Islam this god is known as Allah in Christianity He is known as Jehovah. This is one argument that could apply to any religion however. In Hinduism on the other hand, the idea of a Supreme Being is much more of an abstract concept rather than a tangible being, and is known as Brahman. The idea that Brahman is the everything or Supreme Reality is what makes the statement everyone is a Hindu a notably pertinent one in relation to Hinduism.Hindus have a sense of interconnectedness that pervades throughout everything in the universe all plants, animals, people, and the cosmos. Brahman is the sacred force that holds everything together is. It is the ultimate reality that is unseen in the karmic cycle of birth and death, called samsara, which Hindus believe we... ...ital to Buddhism.I have shown that the catholicity of Hinduism, its broad sense of welcoming to people of any creed or faith, and its de telephone exchangeized nature are all factors that lend to the assertion everyone is a H indu. The central concept of Brahman in Hinduism as a sacred unexplainable force that ties everything in this world together make everyone a Hindu. In addition, everyone is seen as striving towards the same goal to reach moksha, to shed the bondage of being reborn in a human body in order to at long last attain union with the Supreme Being. Although it could be said that there are 330 Million Gods, there is no acceptance required of these particular deities in Hinduism, only an acknowledgement that there is a Supreme Being. The statement that everyone is a Hindu is a compelling one that is substantiated by the universal ideas and concepts of Hinduism.

Paintball :: essays research papers

          Paintball A fast-paced, adrenaline pumping, game...paintball is a world renowned sport and is ontogeny popularity faster than several other top sports. Paintball is non-contact, making it very safe when played right. According to the Sports Data Inc. surveys, paintball has the lowest injury rate of ANY sport, at exclusively .31 injuries per 1000 participants. Paintball is viewed several distinct ways by people that have not experienced it for themselves. A lot of people think paintball is only for "gun crazy" maniacs. Well that is an incorrect statement, mainly because paintball "guns" atomic number 18 not guns at all. The definition of "gun" is, "Any weapon that discharges shot, shells, or other heater by the explosion of gun powder or some other explosive from a strait tube." Paintball stigmas operate in a VERY different way. Paintballs are propelled out of the barrel by shine, not any graphi c symbol of explosive, and paintball markers are NOT weapons. No one has ever got killed by a paintball marker from getting shot. Even without a mask on. Although eye injuries have been reported, this is due to the fact that an unsafe game was played. Most likely someone decided that they were sexually transmitted disease and took off their goggles in the middle of a game and no ref was there to stop him. All goggles worn during paintball should and are sanctioned by the government and you are not supposed to shoot above a speed of 300 feet per second. Yes, paintball leaves welts, but most people can support them. The pain of a paintball welt is surely not any worse than getting tackled by a 200 lbs football player. If safety is what people are worrying about, why do we have football, wrestling, or basketball? They are all in the top ten for highest injury rates. Paintball is also growing in popularity, games for paintball are getting released and selling way better than the major ity of other games. The most popular of any paintball game is called "Greg Hastings Tournament Paintball" and is exactly the type of paintball that we would like to play at the school, speedball. Speedball is a game of paintball played on a paintball field that is exactly symmetrical to through the middle, a speedball field is usually about 100 feet long and 40 feet wide and the bunkers are usually made of a durable and flexible plastic that holds air, most commonly called air bunkers.

Essay --

Introduction-Fashion is richly embedded in the history and culture in France. The country is the residence of many a(prenominal) famous designers, and is credited with creating the concepts haute couture and prt--porter two core segments of the way industry. Today Paris, Milan, London, and New York are the Big Four fashion capitals in the world. darn France is well up known to be the oldest fashion empire in the world, with expansion of the industry, is it still considered the leader? 1) History of Fashion in FranceA quote by American poet, Allen Ginsberg says, You cant escape the past in Paris, and yet whats so wonderful about it is that the past and present intermingle so intangibly that it doesnt seem to burden. In order to truly understand the salient role that fashion plays in a culture where the past is such a large part of the present, one must learn about its deep history and evolution.The first time clothing was seen as more than a practicality, and circumferent to a status symbol was during the reign of King Louis XIV. King Louis XIV, also known as Louis the Great or the Sun King, was a monarch of the fellowship of Bourbon and rule as King of France and the Kingdom of Navarre from 1643 until his death in 1715. He was known for adorning himself in silk, diamonds, and artisanal shoes and jackets (Fashion and Power). He used these items of luxury to control and put forward his motive to France, its residents, and the rest of Europe. Shortly after Louis XIVs death, Louis XVI came into power. King Louis XVIs wife, Marie Antoinette was also a pioneer in the French fashion culture. As the Queen of France from 1774-1792, her life was full of extravagance and luxury and she wanted her fashion to be representative of her lifestyle. In fact, she w... ...businesses reviewed annually to preserve the personality of such a prestigious association. Chambre syndicale Du Prt--porter des Couturiers et des Crateurs de Mode is a group made up of haute couture houses and fashion designers who design womens ready-made fashion, and the Chambre syndicale de la Mode Masculine is a group exclusively for mens fashion. Since 1935 the Fdrations headquarters nonplus been find at 100 rue de Faubourg Saint Honor in Pariss 8 arrondissement in the heart of the city where it all began. Combined, the third batch organizations have over 100 corporate members. A unique quality of the Chambre Syndicale de la Haute Couture and the Chambre syndicale Du Prt--porter des Couturiers et des Crateurs de Mode, is that it accepts international members as well. This is utter to reflect the quickly expanding globalization of the industry. Essay -- Introduction-Fashion is richly embedded in the history and culture in France. The country is the home of many famous designers, and is credited with creating the concepts haute couture and prt--porter two core segments of the fashion industry. Today Paris, Milan, London, and New York are the Big Four fa shion capitals in the world. While France is well known to be the oldest fashion empire in the world, with expansion of the industry, is it still considered the leader? 1) History of Fashion in FranceA quote by American poet, Allen Ginsberg says, You cant escape the past in Paris, and yet whats so wonderful about it is that the past and present intermingle so intangibly that it doesnt seem to burden. In order to truly understand the large role that fashion plays in a culture where the past is such a large part of the present, one must learn about its deep history and evolution.The first time clothing was seen as more than a practicality, and closer to a status symbol was during the reign of King Louis XIV. King Louis XIV, also known as Louis the Great or the Sun King, was a monarch of the House of Bourbon and ruled as King of France and the Kingdom of Navarre from 1643 until his death in 1715. He was known for adorning himself in silk, diamonds, and artisanal shoes and jackets (Fash ion and Power). He used these items of luxury to control and express his power to France, its residents, and the rest of Europe. Shortly after Louis XIVs death, Louis XVI came into power. King Louis XVIs wife, Marie Antoinette was also a pioneer in the French fashion culture. As the Queen of France from 1774-1792, her life was full of extravagance and luxury and she wanted her fashion to be representative of her lifestyle. In fact, she w... ...businesses reviewed annually to preserve the reputation of such a prestigious association. Chambre syndicale Du Prt--porter des Couturiers et des Crateurs de Mode is a group made up of haute couture houses and fashion designers who design womens ready-to-wear fashion, and the Chambre syndicale de la Mode Masculine is a group exclusively for mens fashion. Since 1935 the Fdrations headquarters have been located at 100 rue de Faubourg Saint Honor in Pariss 8 arrondissement in the heart of the city where it all began. Combined, the three trade or ganizations have over 100 corporate members. A unique quality of the Chambre Syndicale de la Haute Couture and the Chambre syndicale Du Prt--porter des Couturiers et des Crateurs de Mode, is that it accepts international members as well. This is said to reflect the quickly expanding globalization of the industry.

Outsiders in The Flying Machine, The Pedestrian, and I See You Never :: Ray Bradbury, The Pedestrian

Outsiders in The Flying Machine, The Pedestrian, and I try You NeverThe Flying Machine, in this the ousider is the Inventor. He is classedas an outsider because he is seen to be a threat.(outisde acceptedbehaviour).The Pedestrian, in this the outsider is Mr Leonard Mead he is classedas an outsider because he walks the street on a night, which is seento be outside the norm of society.I See You Never, in this the outside is Mr Ramirez he is an outsiderbecause he is an immigrant and his visa ran out long ago. (Outside theLaw).The theme of these stories seems to be the society against theindividual and these individuals as lonely mess especially MrLeonard Mead in the Pedestrian as he is seen in the story as walkingaround at night talking to houses and things.Do I sympathise with the outsiders?I do sympathise with two of the outsiders and these are Mr LeonardMead and The Inventor. I sympathise with these because they really opennt done anything seriously wrong. I think that the Inventor shouldnt baffle been executed for something so little. He was reallyjust following his dreams of inventing. And I sympathise with MrLeonard Mead because he seems to be a social but lonely piece enjoying awalk out in the evening. I cant see how this can be a reason for himto be arrested. It seems that in the Pedestrian if you all didnt human activitythe same and have the same things you were an outsider anyway.Personally, I dont sympathise with Mr Ramirez because he is illegallyin the country and his visa ran out so really he is an outsider inthis country.Mr Ramirez broke the law. He overstayed his time limit and in additionk uppermanent living. We are told He only had a permanent visa.There are too many immigrants that are allowed in this we dont needany more that arent.He only had a temporary visaAll these Outsiders have a lot in green as they are all victims andare being punished for doing nothing in the stories this is clear thatthey havent done anything serious.What do the stories have in common?The stories have a lot in common as they all are based around peoplethat are not the same as everyone else. all(prenominal) story has an outsider,someone who is different in the different societies. All the outsidersare punished in every story some for hardly anything and others for

Outsiders in The Flying Machine, The Pedestrian, and I See You Never :: Ray Bradbury, The Pedestrian

Outsiders in The Flying Machine, The Pedestrian, and I See You NeverThe Flying Machine, in this the ousider is the armorer. He is classedas an outsider because he is seen to be a threat.(outisde acceptedbehaviour).The Pedestrian, in this the outsider is Mr Leonard Mead he is classedas an outsider because he walks the street on a night, which is seento be outside the norm of society.I See You Never, in this the outside is Mr Ramirez he is an outsiderbecause he is an immigrant and his visa ran out long ago. (Outside theLaw).The theme of these stories seems to be the society against theindividual and these individuals as only(a) people especi altogethery MrLeonard Mead in the Pedestrian as he is seen in the story as walkingaround at night talking to houses and things.Do I sympathise with the outsiders?I do sympathise with two of the outsiders and these are Mr LeonardMead and The Inventor. I sympathise with these because they actuallyhavent done anything seriously wrong. I think that the Inventorshouldnt have been executed for something so little. He was reallyjust following his dreams of inventing. And I sympathise with MrLeonard Mead because he seems to be a social but nongregarious man enjoying awalk out in the evening. I cant see how this can be a reason for himto be arrested. It seems that in the Pedestrian if you all didnt actthe same and have the same things you were an outsider anyway.Personally, I dont sympathise with Mr Ramirez because he is illegallyin the country and his visa ran out so really he is an outsider inthis country.Mr Ramirez broke the law. He overstayed his time limit and took uppermanent living. We are told He only had a permanent visa.There are too many immigrants that are allowed in this we dont needany more that arent.He only had a temporary visaAll these Outsiders have a lot in commonality as they are all victims andare being punished for doing nothing in the stories this is clear thatthey havent done anything serious.What do the stories have in common?The stories have a lot in common as they all are based around peoplethat are not the same as everyone else. Each story has an outsider,someone who is different in the different societies. All the outsidersare punished in every story some for hardly anything and others for

Don’t Live to Eat but Eat to Live Essay

The title sounds easy right? Eat to live, outweart live to eat. Simple enough. So why do I go to the park and half of the tidy sum I see ar over pack or severely obese? wherefore argon their kids fat? Why do my coworkers project fat rolls that hang off the back of their chairs? Its a question I induce asked myself over and over again. There use up been many theories as to why people ar fatter today than they were 100 years ago. Now you can choose to believe the BS just just some solid calories and bad calories or that we are fatter because we dont eat like our ancestors.You can also choose to believe that calories dont matter and we are fat because of the processed junk regimen for thought we consume so much of. By taking a look at fat people, we can guide the most probable assumption that they consume more calories than they expend. So, if you are in tune with what happens when energy ambition is greater than expenditure, you know the excess energy is stored as body fat or contributes to LBM gain under certain puzzleuations. Why is this important? A long time ago when we had to chase down our food and stab it with a sharp object, storing fat was essential for survival as it could be days or weeks before we might feast again.So later on I expended all of that energy hunting down the kangaroo, you can cypher your sweet loin cloth I am going to sit and blockade myself for the next few days. Now some of that ingested energy went to preserving lean body mess but a lot of the excess was shuttled right into my fat cells. gratefully we have the ability to store fat, otherwise I wouldnt be here today writing this article. So here is what I have noticed. age its not revolutionary, its not something we think about much. We are Emotional Eaters Many of us are emotional eaters. We sometimes eat to buy out stress and find comfort in have certain foods.While I have not looked at statistics, I am leave behinding to bet those of us at high stress job s are more likely to be overweight than those in less stressful positions. I witnessed this at a previous job where over half of the workers thither were over weight and some were dangerously obese. The day job was genuinely stressful and the cafeteria served some sincerely calorie dense food. People would go to lunch and take the edge off by take a foot long chili quit dog or go down the road and polish off a few big macs. Then when it was time to head home, I am sure many hit the pint of ice cream for their post dinner indulgence.I have also noticed people working in lower stress environments to be slimmer and more fit. I supposed they had more energy and vigor outside of work to be more active than their accented out counter lucks. Now this could all be coincidence and anecdotal but I have a hunch there is more to it than that. slews and Lots of Food If you live in America, you know how easy food is to come by. We are constantly being told to eat thanks to TV, radio and the internet(I am intellection about ordering a pizza right now because of the Dominos ad I see on the web page). This seems to screw with our pictorial cravings.Its like we entirely become hungry because food is always in front of our face. So we only think we are hungry. We eat and then(prenominal) a few hours later are bombarded again with more advertisements of food. Time to go to Wendys No wonder we are a bunch of fatties. pretermit of Balance This is probably the biggest factor in the obesity epidemic we are facing. The fact is most people are very sedentary. We wake up, go to work, sit for 8 hours and return home to sit some more until we hit the sack. Now this may sound a bit exaggerated but its not far from the truth for many.Most of the people living like this are very chunky too. People like to argue and say they have a metabolic disorder. They say I eat the same amount that my grandparents used to eat and they were always thin. I wonder if working on a farm and doing manual labor had anything to do with them staying so slim? If you are sedentary and desire to maintain your weight its most definitely a great idea to begin working out a few times per week, burn some calories and move around a bit more than usual. Perhaps you can begin walking on your lunch break.If you dont have time to do any extra body process, then the only way to manage your weight is by watching what you eat and keep it at your maintenance intake. Now ideally, you will be doing both of these( recitation and watching your diet) for best results. Eat To Live Eating purely out of necessity is often hard to do because some food tastes so good. Sometimes we eat a little too much or indulge a bit too often. I am not telling you to completely limit your intake of what you very venerate eating because that will only subscribe you crazy.This is coming from the guy ho eats cereal every day because he suddenly loves it. I really love a big bowl of Capn Crunch with cold whole milk. The main point I am trying to make here is we should turn over food as energy and nothing else. You simply need energy to live. Do not get hung up on food being bad or good, clean or unclean. This will only lead to a terrible relationship with food. I have experienced some slight issues with binge eating, thus I had to take the time to reestablish a healthy relationship with food. Nowadays I am not concerned with what I eat, as long as I eat enough for my current goals.I make sure to get my protein, look for oil and fill in the rest with the other macros. I may eat pizza, tacos, oats or have a few beers. Once you can view food as nothing but a fuel quotation, a piece of chocolate cake or a bowl of rice is fundamentally the same difference. They both provide energy. We need energy to live. Dont live to eat, eat to live. Many people struggle to attain the health goals that they ask to achieve. Whether those goals are losing weight, lowering cholesterol levels or just getting into better overall health, the foundation for those goals is a healthy diet. Diet is a four garner word.Im not sure if youre aware of that. When people hear the word diet, they cringe. They immediately think it means you have to eat very little, and the food that youre allowed to eat must taste terrible. I am here to tell you that does not have to be the case. When I talk about diet I mean diet in its most basic meaning. The first definition of diet listed in the dictionary is as follows Diet (n) food and drink considered in terms of its qualities, composition, and its effects on health. Its not about breaking down what youre eating a pungent a bunch of it out to lose weight.Its about the quality of the food that you are putting into you mouth and how it will affect your overall health. It truly is about your habits with regard to food. When patients come into my office diet is always something that we modify. Patients come to see us for a wide range of conditions, but dietary chang e is roughly always necessary. There is the occasional patient that already has a perfect diet, but they are few and far between. Patients are very motivated at first to change their eating habits because they are very motivated to feel better.As they get into their programs motivation dwindles and people begin to miss their comfort foods. It really is amazing how much people depend on food to make them happy. It should not be that way. Food can certainly be a source of joy. There is nothing better than a good piece of steak or a tasty chicken breast sometimes. However, if foods become your only enjoyment there is a problem. Food should be nourishment, not your sole source of pleasure. Patients, change surface when they are achieving the results they desire, complain about the dietary changes theyve been forced to make.Of course the alternative is to come up down the path they were on, eat as they wish and continue to feel bad. Either way they feel trapped. This is where the mind set needs to switch. They need to lastly realize that they need to eat to live, not live to eat. If a person can understand that concept, accept it and then apply it, dietary changes are easy. You are eating to be healthy and therefore happy. Not the other way around. Patients that have the hardest time changing often do not accept this concept. They dont want to give up ice cream, candy, cakes, etc. ecause they get enjoyment out of consuming them. There are physiological reasons for this of course, but even when those are addressed the mindset does not change. If one can decide to use food as a tool to get healthy kinda than a tool to be happy changes occur much faster. Remember this concept food is fuel for our bodies. We need it to intimacy. We need it to live. We can certainly enjoy it, but it should not be a tool to make us happy. We should view food simply as something that can nourish our bodies and make us healthy. Viewing it this way makes it much easier to make good ch oices.Inevitably people who choose comfort foods make bad choices. When was the last time you heard that individual over ate chicken breast? It doesnt happen. People over eat the bad stuff like donuts, chips or ice cream because they are eating for joy, not for nourishment. Abiding by the eat to live, dont live to eat mantra will serve you well because it will help you make the right diet choices for the right reasons. Chances are, youve tried to lose weight. The first goal of dieting is to stop further weight gain. The next goal is to establish a realistic weight loss goals.Any intentional weight reduction results in health benefits. And, the amount of weight loss can improve your health. changing your behavior to adopt a healthier life-style can be tough however its easier to make healthy lifestyle changes one shade at a time. Sticking to a diet rich in fresh fruits and vegetables and exercising regularly are also proven ways to disallow diseases such as cancer and heart comp lications. Losing weight is not simple because many factors affect how much or how little food a person eats and how that food is metabolized by the body.Your weight depends on the number of calories you consume, how many of those calories you store, and how many you burn. If you decrease your food intake and consume fewer calories than you burn, or if you exercise more and burn up more calories, your body will reduce some of your fat stores. In order to turn your body into a weight loss machine, you must start by determining how many calories you should consume each day. Weight loss can be accomplished by eating fewer calories and by exercising to help you burn fat and calories and keep the weight off.Exercise can boost your metabolism extend muscle mass as a result you burn more calories. The most effective method for weight loss is reducing the number of calories you consume while increase the number of calories you burn through physical activity. In order to reach this goal, yo u must multiply your current weight by 15 thats about the number of calories per pound of body weight needed to maintain your current weight if you do at least 30 minutes of physical activity a day. To lose one to two pounds a week your food consumption should provide less than your total weight-maintenance calories.You will also need to shew more activity into your day. In order to lose at least a pound a week, try to do at least 30 minutes of physical activity at least three days a week, and reduce your daily calorie intake. Physical activity is an important part of weight management. However, calorie intake should not fall below 1,200. Becoming physically active can help you burn extra calories and naturally increase your glucose uptake by increasing your metabolism and muscle mass. Whether you want to drop 10 pounds or 100, the truth is that no weight loss plan will work if you dont stay with it.Our bodies require a complex array of nutritional components, and especially the mi cro-nutrients that are missing from the normal diet. The question is how to do this while eating less. The answer is to eat super foods, or booster foods. Booster foods provide us with a full spectrum concentrated nutrition with marginal thermal content. A well-functioning metabolism has three jobs it converts energy from the food we eat into work and heat it eliminates toxins and any unnecessary nutrients in the form of waste and it stores glucose in the form of lycogen and extra energy as fat for future use. All of these functions are interrelated and interdependent they rely on each other. One cannot function properly without the support of the other two. Healthy leanness results from burning fat and building muscle. Many people try to lose weight, but fewer people lose weight and keep it off. The first step in losing weight safely is to determine a realistic weight goal. If you want to lose weight, cutting calories or controlling your portions is a good place to start. After d etermining a reasonable goal weight, devise an eating plan.Our eating habit and lifestyle have a great impact on our body. This does not mean you have to stop eating your favorite foods. It means you must reduce your caloric intake. Set a realistic weight loss goal. One of your goals should be to lose a few pounds and be able to keep it off for a long time. Eating foods high in fiber, such as fruits, vegetables, legumes and whole grains can be an important aid in weight maintenance because eating enough of fiber can help make a person feel full or curb your appetite longer. Weight loss is a continuous process.

Tv Advertising and Consumer Buying Behavior

ABSTRACT Children are important in the family, they make a family empty and they officialize a number of finiss made in the family. Children read occupied a big segment in the marketplace, there are more(prenominal) wees produced and say at them. The importance of small fryren in leveraging finis do has gr protest over the years. They non and make purchase decisions for soulfulnessal consumption exclusively they also knead family purchase decision- devising (Kaur and Singh, 2006). However, nearly all studies are based in the westward context, like US and Europe.There are few studies foc utilise on the African context, especially in Nigeria. As a moment of this, it is important to examine how they make for the decision to purchase crossways for family consumption. The typology of family communication patterns and social indicant speculation allow be used for this memorize. The study give employ qualitative research using questionnaire to elicit critical expl anation of childrens make up ones mind in family purchase decision. Children between the ages 8-13 years are the focus of this research.Key words family decision-making, childrens role in family decision making, typology of family communication patterns, social post theory. 1. 0 insane asylum Children are important in the family, they make a family complete and they puzzle out a number of decisions made in the family. Today children are not only passive observers barely they keep supportn a considerable place in the families and accept a significant beguile on parental purchasing decisions and they have occupied a big segment in the marketplace. Children are consumers in their own right there are more products produced and ruleed at them.Because of a growing awareness of the role children play in family decision making on family purchases other than toys and cereals, as well as a recognition that the turn of children in family decision making appears to have grown sign ificantly over the past two decades (Sellers, 1989 as cited by Ekasasi, 2005), increasing attention is beingness given to children and their role in family decision making (Foxman and Patriya, 1989). There is no doubt that children establish a significant marketing zone and today they have a more important place in the companionship than their parents ever had.They are not only consumers but have emotional involvement direct or indirect on parents buying decisions. This trend of increased influence appears to emanate from a number of factors, including the greater affluence enjoyed by many households, mellowed consumer socialisation of children, product image, and the increasing independence given to children due to dual income families and higher(prenominal) divorce rates. Several researchers have also exhibit how children have been socialize to act as consumers (Kaur and Singh, 2006).Family (parents and siblings), peers, and media are main socialising agents for children wh erein family type, parental style and patterns of communication play important roles. However, most(prenominal) of the studies are based on the western context and there are precise few studies rivet on Africa, particularly Nigeria due to which this research will be undertaken. As a result of this, it is important to examine how children influence the decision to purchase products in the family in Nigeria. 1. 2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMFamily as a consuming and decision making building block is a central phenomenon in marketing and consumer behaviour. Earlier, research had only focused on the economise and wifes role where childrens role was ignore (Commuri and Gentry, 2000 as cited by Kaur and Singh, 2006). The importance of children in purchase decision making has grown over the years. It is seen that children not only influence family purchase decision but they also insist their parents purchase the products they desire (Kaur and Singh, 2006). Childrens influence differs dep ending on the product category and decision-making stage.Age and gender of the children also have a major fix on decision stage and the product category. The role that children play in family decision- making has say the researchers to study the influence of children. Several researchers have also demonstrated how children have been socialised to act as consumers (Kaur and Singh, 2006). However, most of the studies are based on the western context and there are very few studies focusing on Africa, particularly Nigeria due to which this research will be undertaken.Since Nigerian society vastly differs from the west in terms of family composition, family type and structure, norms, values, and behaviour, it is important to examine childrens influence in the purchase decision making in families in the Nigerian context. The buying power of children in Nigeria will be diametrical compared to the western countries, but still they play the key role in Nigerian families. Children influen ce family as well as individual purchase decisions. For this reason, detailed study will be done on childrens influence in family purchase decision in Nigeria. . 3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS 1. Does parent-child communication pertain the way a child contributes in family decision making process? 2. What strategies do children use in influencing family product purchase? 3. At what decision making process stage do children have more influence in the family? 4. How do parents respond to childrens attempt to influence decisions on products for family consumption? 5. How frequently do children attempt to influence purchasing decisions on products for family consumption? 4. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDYThe primary objective of this study is to examine the roles performed by children in family purchase decisions with regard to children and family tie in products and to explore childrens influence in family decision making process in the Nigerian context. However, the specific objectives are to unders tand the family communication structure and its influence on a child as a consumer to examine the decision making process and the stage children have the most influence and to examine parents lore of the role children play in family purchase decision-making. . 5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY This study will focus on childrens influence on decision making process in the family as it relates to the purchase of products to be used by the family, family communication structure and patterns and parents perception of childrens influence in family purchase decision making. 1. 6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY Family is the basic unit where most individuals learn about product categories and how to consume it. So, understanding family buying behavior is very important.It used to be that husband and wife hold dominant influence in family decision-making process. However, now, their role is changing. Today, childrens role in family decision-making process is also significant. As children are an integral part of the marketplace, this study would help manufacturers of family products, marketers and advertisers to understand the place of a child in the family. Their influence relates to a wide variety of products indispensable by their family and not just to the items that directly relate to their need.This means that, to market successfully to the family, advertisers must understand childrens role in the decision making process in the family. The result of this research will aid advertisers to better position products to win the hearts of children who will eventually influence their parents buying decision. 2. 0 LITERATURE REVIEW This section is to review what past studies has found on the influence children have on purchase decision in the family. 2. 1 FAMILY closing MAKING The family is a major influence in the consumer behavior process.As the basic group, which an individual belongs, the family provides early childhood learning about products and product categories, provides the opp ortunity for product exposure and repetition, and sets the consumption unit, the family members. As a major consumption unit the family is a prime target for most products and product categories (Schiffman & Kanuk, 1983). Loudon & Della (1993) as cited by Ekasasi (2005) define the family as a group of two or more persons related by blood, marriage, or adoption and residing together as a household.A number of incompatible types of family exist. The atomic family consists of a husband, a wife, and their offspring. The extended family consists of the nuclear family plus other relatives, such as parents of the husband or wife. There is also the detached nuclear family structure which has characteristics as fol wiped out(p)s free choice of mates, higher levels of divorce, increased residential mobility, entry of large numbers of women into the labour force, and lower responsibility of children to care for their parents in their old age (Mowen, 1995 in Ekasasi, 2005).During the course of allday living, thousands of decisions are made by family members. The husband and wife are clearly the dominant influences in family decision-making. some studies have focused on their role in decision-making and the dominance on their role in decision-making and the dominance of one or the other. The relative influence of the husband and the wife is likely to vary according to the type of product considered, the stage in decision making, the nature of purchase influence, and family characteristics (Assael 1992).In the process of family decision-making, there are triplet stages initiation, make choice and final decision. Initiation is the process whereby a family member proposes a suggestion and ideas. Making choice is the second stage. Family members search and compare contrasting alternatives. The final stage is the buying decision process. The child has been regarded as an initiator in family decision-making. When a particular product has been chosen as a chance in the se cond stage, the product has greater chance to be sold. 2. 2 CHILDRENS INFLUENCE IN FAMILY DECISION MAKINGFamily decision- making research was initially directed to spouses, however the role of children on decision making and negotiation strategies had become an important issue of study (Kaur and Singh, 2006). Children not only enjoy making regular consumption decisions with their parents but they also insist their parents to buy the products they desire. The family as a purchasing unit is a central phenomenon in consumer behavior. Researchers have studied how a family makes a purchase decision for many years but most of the families studied only comprised the husband and wife (Davis, 1976 in Kaur and Singh, 2006).However, family decisions are influenced by every member of the family, which means how a family makes decisions will not be well examined unless every members influence is taken into account children inclusive. Childrens influence in family purchase decisions and the spend ing power of children have increased over the last 40 years (Shoham and Dalakas, 2005). After Berey and Polly (1968) as cited by Kaur & Singh (2006) detected childs influence in family decision making, there was an increasing recognition of childrens important role with the increasing influence of children in family decision making.Usually, children influence parental purchases in the shopping environment, at home, in the car, at the movies, during television viewing, on vacation, at mealtime, even in church. The influence that children have on parental purchases is extensive and principally embraces the following areas (McNeal 1999) 1. Items for the children, including snacks, toys, consumer electronics, clothing, and hobbies equipment and supplies. 2. Items for the home, including furnishings, television sets, stereo dodgings, and foods and beverages for meals. 3.Non-household items for family members, including vacations, automobiles, clothing, restaurant meals, and recreation. In addition to these three groups, there are others that are more difficult to classify. They acknowledge family gifts to the childrens grandparents and family donations to charities. Also, children often influence the parents choice of stores and shopping centers. accord to Ramzy, T. Ogden, R. Ogden and Zakaria (2012) childrens purchasing power can be direct, money controlled by the child, or indirect, relating to parental purchases that the child initiates or influences.Children influence family buying decisions in four different ways. First, children influence their parents to buy products for their individual preferences. Second, older children have their own pocket money and buy the products directly. Third, children influence their parents choice for family products for shared consumption. Lastly, children influence their parents own preferences. Children exert a certain influence on the overall decision process (Wut and lettuce 2009). Geuens, Mast and Pelsmacker (2002) dis covered that children can have active or passive influence on purchase decision.Active influence means that the child wants to influence purchase decisions in a direct way by recommending, hinting and/or asking for things (McNeal, 1999). Passive dictation, on the other hand, means that parents are influenced by what they get it on their children prefer or need (Wells, 1965). A mother experiencing that her toddler enjoys a specific meal will be more increased to buy or cook this particular food again (Mehrotra and Torges, 1977 as cited by Wut and Chou, 2009).Passive influence is mostly unconscious and as a consequence difficult to observe and eyeshade. unlike researchers have revealed that a number of factors play a substantial role on childrens influence on parents buying decisions across different product categories. Berey & Pollay (1968, as cited by Kaur & Singh 2006) studied mother-child dyads in purchase of break- fast cereals and found that in most of the products parents ar e intermediary purchasing agents for children.In such situations childrens influence on parents purchase decisions is governed by two factors as childrens self-assertiveness and parents child centeredness. The study showed that more assertive the child or more children cantered the mother is, more probable the mother will buy the child desired brands. The research also revealed that mothers act as gatekeepers and bought products that weighed high in nutrition. In general children exert more influence on products for which they are primary consumers (Lee and Beauty 2002).In recent years, family structures have changed considerably. We have single parents, two parents with one source of income, dual income families and higher divorce rates. Geuens, Mast and Pelsmacker (2002) examined the impact of bare-assed family structures (single versus one parent, two versus one income, high versus low working hours, small versus large size) on childrens influence on family purchase decision-mak ing. The increase of childrens influence on parents buying decisions in most of the developed countries can be attributed to various reasons.First increase in number of working couple resulting in to cash rich and time poor society and hence increasing the influence of children on parents second, the shift in the family setup from joint families to nuclear families, allowing the influence of children on parents buying decisions third, lesser number of children per family, resulting in increase in the buying power of each fourth, the repeated exposure to media resulting in socialization of children which in turn result in to children influence on parents buying decisions etc. Wimalasiry (2004).Williams and fire (2000) explained that changing social trends such as working mothers, decreased and delayed childbearing, increased divorce rates, and rapid maturation have given way to a formidable market force for children. They developed a scale based on social power theory to measure chi ldrens direct influence attempts. The seven dimensions derived to represent direct influence attempt were ask nicely, bargain, show affection, just ask, beg and plead, show anger, and con. In this study, these dimensions will be utilized to measure the direct influence of children. . 3 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK Two theories are proposed to guide this study. They are the typology of family communication patterns and social power theory. 2. 3. 1 TYPOLOGY OF FAMILY COMMUNICATION PATTERNS The typology of parent-child communication structures and patterns was developed by McLeod and Chaffee (1972) and this typology utilizes Newcombs (1953) co-orientation model. Together, the two dimensions of family communication structure yielded a four-fold typology of family communication patterns laissez-faire, protective, plura inclinationic, and consensual.McLeod and Chaffee (1972) identified two dimensions of parent-child communications dimensions. These dimensions are the story of social orientation and degree of concept orientation. Social Orientation The communications in families with a high social orientation are designed to produce obedience from the child and foster family harmony. Concept Orientation The communications in families with a high concept orientation are designed to encourage bareness and foster an independent outlook. Laissez-faire families emphasize neither of the two dimensions and there is little communication between parents and children.Protective families emphasize the socio-orientation dimension, stressing obedience and social harmony, and are not concerned with conceptual matters. Conversely, Plura distinguishic families tend to stress the concept-orientation dimension, with an emphasis being placed on mutuality of respects and interest. Children are encouraged to explore new ideas and to express them openly without fear of reprisal. Finally, consensual families stress both the socio- and concept orientation dimensions, and children are encouraged to explore the world about them but to do so without disrupting the familys established internal social harmony.A parent with a high socio-orientation believes that children should respect him/her, should suppress opinions on areas not pertaining to them, that children should avoid disagreements with parents and be obedient (Moschis & Moore 1978). Parents with this type of communication orientation tend to control their childs consumption-related learning (Moschis & Moore 1979). A high concept-orientation means that parents encourage children to evaluate different alternatives when making decisions. Children in this orientation are allowed to discuss disagreements with parents and to develop their own consumer skills.They are also asked by their parents about purchase decisions even if the product is not directly for the child. According to Moschis and Mitchell (1986), children from families with a high social orientation are less likely to be involved in family decisions and less l ikely to make consumption-related decisions for themselves. Conversely, children from families with a high concept orientation are likely to have higher product knowledge, better able to manage a family budget and have a higher regard for their parents opinions. 2. 3. 2 SOCIAL POWER THEORYSocial power theory examines power bases in social interactions. The concept of social power was initially introduced by Lewin (1951) and after developed theoretically by French and Raven (1959). Social power theory is an appropriate theoretical framework from which to study childrens direct influence attempts for several reasons. First, social power theory identifies the bases of power which are present in social interactions. These sources of power may complicate expertise, reward power, referent power, accepted power, and coercion.These five bases are considered by French and Raven (1959) to be the most important resources utilized by a person, but not an all-inclusive list of potential resour ces. Further, social power theory suggests that a person will make an assessment of his or her resources and choose an influence attempt that is consistent with his or her sources of social power. In addition, the theory suggests that these power bases may be utilized in two ways active (i. e. , direct) or passive (i. e. , indirect). When the utilization of power to influence is active, or the result of an intentional act, a direct influence attempt is exerted.In relation to influence and power evidence exists that children exert varying degrees of influence on the family decision-making process. This influence varies by product, decision stage, child, parental and family characteristics but are not properly researched. Social power theory is useful in explaining differences in childrens influence on purchases and distinguishes between influence derived from active and passive power, compatible with direct and indirect influence. Power bases pertinent to exercising influence include expert (e. g. children possess detailed knowledge about toys, games etc. legitimate (e. g. children and products they consume including food, toys and clothing) referent (identifying with peers) reward (children exhibiting good behaviour) and coercive power (e. g. children threatening blackball or bothersome behaviour, complaining or even pestering) (Flurry and Burns, 2005). Furthermore, social power theory further suggests the five power bases may be utilised in two ways actively and passively. Power used to influence is an active and intentional action passive, when the mere presence of power is influential.Both contribute to a persons potential to direct a preferential outcome. 3. 0 METHODOLOGY This section comprises of the research design, population, sample size, sampling technique, research instrument to be employed, method of data collection and analysis to be employed. 3. 1 RESEARCH DESIGN This study will employ descriptive survey because the role children play in influe ncing family purchase decision will be described. It will also be a cross-sectional study as childrens influence will be examined from the children as well as the parents point of view.Since the research aims at understanding childrens influence in family purchase decision, the views of the children will be essential for this study and to get a balanced view, the views of the parents will also be important, especially mothers. This study will employ questionnaire and in-depth interview as methods of collecting primary data. 3. 2 POPULATION The study will be located in Ibadan metropolis in Oyo State, South West Nigeria. Ibadan is majorly populated by the Yoruba people, but its population has ceaselessly been ethnically mixed and is becoming increasingly so.Ibadan houses one of Africas premier universities, the University of Ibadan, which lends its economy a significant intellectual, professional and artistic profile. There are 11 Local Governments in Ibadan metropolitan area consist ing of 5 urban topical anesthetic governments in the city and 6 semi-urban local governments. This study will be check to one urban and one semi-urban local government which are Ibadan North-West and Ido local government respectively. One government-owned secondary school one private secondary school will be randomly selected from the list of Secondary Schools in the two local government areas for this study. . 3 SAMPLE SIZE AND SAMPLING technique A multi stage sampling procedure will be used for this study. At first six schools will be randomly selected from a list of public and private secondary schools in Ibadan North West as well as in Ido Local Government Areas of Oyo State respectively. Then, the balloting system will be used to choose one school for the public secondary school and for the private secondary school in the two local government areas respectively. Going by the assumption that 25 pupils are meant to be in a class, a class of J. S. S 1, 2 and 3 students of a s chool will be the respondents for this study.This will be 75 respondents per school, making the number of respondents to be 150 altogether. The J. S. S 1, 2 and J. S. S 3 students will be used because they fall within the age range that this study would be focusing on, which is between the ages of 8 and 13 and also because they should be more matured than those in the primary school that also falls within this age range.. 3. 4 RESEARCH INSTRUMENT Questionnaire and in-depth interview will be used for this study. The questionnaire will be in two sections the first section will be addressed to the children while the second section will be make full by the parents, specifically mothers.This section is specifically to ask the mother to indicate demographic characteristics of the child including his/her birthday and sex of the child and to find out how they apprehend the role their children play in family purchase decision. This schooling will be used to match the parents responses to responses given by the child. The questionnaire will be given to respondents to take home to their parents. The interview will be for the teachers of the respective schools to be used to ascertain the schools demography. 3. 5 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION This will involve qualitative method.The headteachers or class teachers of these four schools will be requested to distribute the questionnaires to a class of J. S. S 1, 2 and J. S. S 3 students at the schools. 3. 6 METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS The method of data analysis will involve quantitative and qualitative methods. For quantitative method, univariate and bivariate tabulation methods will be used for the analysis. REFERENCES Ali A. and Batra D. K. (2011) Children influence on parents buying decisions in Delhi (India) European Journal of Business and Management (Online) Vol. 3 (11), 19-28 Davis, H. L. 1976), Decision making within the household, Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 2, March, 241-60. Ekasasi S. R. (2005) The office staff of Children in Family Decision Making A Theoretical analyze, Edisi Khusus Jsb on Marketing, batch 3, 25 41 Foxman E and Patriya S. T. (1989) Adolescents and Mothers Perceptions of Relative Influence in Family Decisions Patterns of Agreement and racket Advances in Consumer Research, 449-453. Geuens M. , Mast G. and Pelsmacker P. (2002) Childrens Influence on Family Purchase Behavior The Role of Family Structure, Asia Pacific Advances in Consumer Research Volume 5, 130-135Hall J, Shaw M, Johnson M. and Oppenheim P. (1995) Influence of Children on Family Consumer Decision-Making, European Advances in Consumer Research Volume 2, 45-53 Kaur, P and Singh, R (2006) Children In Family Purchase Decision Making In India and the West A Review. Academy of Marketing Science Review Vol. 2006 (8), 1-30 Lee, C. K. C. and Beatty, S. E (2002) Family Structure and Influence in Family Decision Making Journal of Consumer Marketing Vol. 19 (1), 4-41 McNeal, J. Ji, M. (1999) Chinese children as cons umers an analysis of their new product information sources Journal of Consumer Marketing Vol. 6(4), 345-364 Mikkelsen M. R. and Norgaard M. K (2012) Childrens Influence on Family Decision-Making in Food Buying and Consumption International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Vol. 2 (5), 1-23 Moschis G. P, Prahasto A. E and Mitchell L. G (1986) Family Communication Influences on the Development of Consumer Behavior Some Additional Findings Advances in Consumer Research Volume 13, 365-369 Moschis G. P and Mitchell L. G (1986) Television Advertising and interpersonal Influences on Teenagers Participation in Family Consumer Decisions Advances in Consumer Research Volume 13, 181-186Nash C. (2009) The Parent Child Purchase Relationship Academy of Marketing Science Review Volume 8, 1-30 North E. J. and Kotze T. (2001) Parents and television advertisements as consumer socialisation agents for adolescents An exploratory study Journal of Family Ecology and Consumer Sciences, Vol. 29, 92-99 Ramzy O. , Ogden D. T. , Ogden J. R. and Zakaria M. Y. (2012) Perceptions of Childrens Influence on Purchase Decisions Empirical Investigation for the U. S. and Egyptian Families World Journal of Management Vol. 4 (1) March, 30 50 Ward, S. and Wackman, D.B (1972) Childrens Purchase Influence Attempts and Parental Influence Attempts and Parental Yielding, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 9, 316-319. Williams L. A. and Burns A. C. (2000) Exploring the Dimensionality of Childrens Direct Influence Attempts Advances in Consumer Research Volume 27, 64-71 Wut T. M. and Chou T. J. (2009) Childrens influences on family decision making in Hong Kong Young Consumers Vol. 10 (2), 146-156 Wut T. M. and Chou T. J. (2009) Family Communication Patterns and Childrens influence on Family Decision Making ANZMAC, 1-7

You Decide Paper Cultural Diversity

We dont know if their culture will assimilate with our work environment culture. Everyone tends to set a precedent before the new legible aspect is thought of either if they will be male or female or white, black, Hispanic, Asian or Middle Eastern. Employees tend to already, after so many a nonher(prenominal) years of working with one another, tend to formulate certain cliques based on age, race and other characteristics even on education background and experiences.For this baffle sales manager of F-fiber Optics, I want to make an unbiased decision on who I pick for the right ethical reasons and not based on any of those criteria but based on merit, experience, education and of course legality (citizenship). In reading about all of the candidates that eave applied for the sales manager position, Id hasten to say that they all had impeccable short bios, but to me only two stuck out from the group. Would select to pick between Lynn the IT Manager and Karen the Sales Representative .They both charter some knowledge in Fiber Optics and its engineering and also experience in sales. I think although Lynn would be a great candidate for the job, she would have some trouble acculturating to the job because of her lack of speaking English well and trying to assimilate to our American culture. She would have to catch on fast in order to gain more of respective clients. Her short bio did not state if she was single or had a family, so should be possible candidate to be able to Stay late hours to work on certain projects and to gain clients.The next potential client I would lean closely toward is Karen because of her background graduating in Fiber Optic engineering. She would definitely have a lot of experience in the field and had been awarded the Sales Representative of the year award. She has valid experience in selling and captioning people to want to buy a product. I dont think she would have any issues in connecting with potential clients. The job calls for havin g to stay after 5 P. M.I dont think Karen with just getting married would have that time to want to spend the extra hours at work. Lynn was a math major and minored in ready reckoner analysis and just because she wrote a paper on Fiber Optics doesnt been she is an expert on it. I would ultimately choose Karen the sales rep because she had graduated in the field and I see her possible potential to grow and learn more. She also has experience in sales. I could mold her into how want her to be and this would not only help her but would help me move up the ladder.

Flat Cargo Berhad Essay

Air Cargo Industry is a highly competitive with low lucre margin industry operated by 85 operators within Malaysia and the Asia Pacific region. Flat Cargo Berhad (FCB) was one of them with several subsidiaries related to this industry. FCB was recognized as one of the biggest stock freight companies in Malaysia. With the flourishing of e- blood line and secured agreements with well-established companies (i.e UPS, Nationwide Expressway, Citylink, Nippon Express etc), the boom of Flat Cargo Berhad was obvious. Even it was expected, FCB would have likely remained as the nations principal air cargo carrier if the scandal has not appeared. Things have started to get out of shape for FCB when the external auditor Kencana & Associates came across several suspicious findings that whitethorn suggest taradiddle. So we as consultant/advisor have noted down the paradox and came up with the attainable solutions in order to handle much(prenominal) suspicious circumstances.Problem 1The audi tors were un fit to verify the aircrafts considered to have been purchased by FCB in 2005. The audit team found a non-functional rundown aircraft barely value RM231 million in the hangar.FCB claimed to have purchase aircrafts in 2005, but there were no documentation found to support the claims of FCB that the get ever took place which implied that fraud might have took place.As shown on the fleet information above, (Appendix B) there were two Boeing 727 and five Mcdonnell Douglas MD-11F (which later was no longer used for freight purposes) purchased by FCB in 2005 that were in Active status, but when inspected by the audit team, found Mior, Asif, Stephanie, Rohannaonly a rundown non-functional aircraft in the hangar which suggested inconsistency in the claim made by FCB.root 1The audit department could take some measures to verify the claim made by FCB regarding the purchase of the aircrafts by1) Referring to the aircraft manufacturers regarding receipts, purchasing documents, in voices , contracts2) Checking any related internal documents about the aircraft activities like schedules and activities of aircrafts i.e. engineering department for maintenance of aircraft.3) Verify with the staffs of the company i.e. pi grants, engineers regarding the aircrafts claimed to be purchased4) Checking on leasing companies if there were any business activities from FCB (which would suggest obvious fraud since FCB claimed to have purchase the aircrafts)5) Verify the registration and licensing of the aircraft at the Department of Civil Aviation Malaysia (DCAM)And if this aircraft was actually purchased as claimed, the management should advertise these solutions to avoid future confusions 1) Update bookkeeping regularly ( proceedings on purchases, sales, receipts and payments by an individual or organisation)Problem 2Several debtors confirmation garner were returned because the addressees had changed their mailing addressesDue to this issue it will have a major touch on on accounts receivable thus to cash flow. However this will drop dead to further problem as follows 1) No exact debtor figure available for reference2) Possibility of bad debt3) Weak debt servicing ability by companyMior, Asif, Stephanie, RohannaSolution 2Some measures could be taken by auditor to solve this issue by 1) Investigate the identity of the debtor or organization from reliable sources (Suruhanjaya Syarikat Malaysia (SSM) for organisations, Jabatan Perdaftaran Negara (JPN) for individuals)2) Find supporting documents of debt to rule out chances of fraud The management team could take these measures to avoid this problem by 1) Create an streamlined system for debt servicing 2) Create a system of verifying theclaim of debtors to make sure fraud does not take place3) Create a database for debtors and keep an updated portfolio on them for future use and reference4) Create a department in the organization that deals solely with debt servicing (provided that they have a lot of debtors)Problem 3A large sum of sales transactions was found with no supporting documents. Most of these transactions involved small clients.This problem will mostly affect the revenue. In addition, it could lead to1) poor book-keeping process2) manipulation on the revenue figure (RM 550 million)3) manipulation of the shareholders interest in terms of dividend declared4) balancing the closing process for the year of 2005 manually5) complication on debt collection therefore the possibility of bad debt in futureSolution 3As far as we are concerned, the auditor can request the engineering department to provide the document on clients who are development their courier services and counter-check it with the Custom Department to verify the figure. We assume every activity must be reported to theMior, Asif, Stephanie, Rohanna.DCAM. Therefore, from the backward process, the auditor would be able to verify the turnover figure.Problem 4A loan received from a Hong Kong based company was fou nd to be incorrectly recorded in the debtors accountThis issue will have the major influence on liabilities. It has violated the matching principle. The following problems can be determined due to these mistakes.1) The impact on liabilities of the FCB will be fall downd whereas assets increase due to the error on figure entry process2) The financial cost (interest expense) will decrease resulting increase ofprofit forwards taxSolution 4Counter-check and verify the Loan agreement between the FCB and Hong Kong based company. After verifying, the auditors will correct the double entry according to accounting standard by MASB.Problem 5Several abnormal transactions involving the purchase of aircrafts by FCB and offsetting the debtors accounts were found in FCBs books Following abnormal transaction is strictly against the process of accounting system. It violates many principle of accounting system i.e. principle of non-compensation, principles of sincerity and principles of consistenc y*. Abnormal transactions could lead to multiplier faults in the financial statement like1) Overstated/Understated assetsUsage of cash or credit was not determined the right wayCutting down the overall debtor amount2) Fail to determine bad debt3) Fail to determine the true figure of debtorsSolution 5Actions that could be taken by auditors1) Reconciliation of book keeping related to purchases of abnormal transactions2) Cross proof each and every documents related to purchases and debtor3) If possible ensure debtors confirmation letterActions that could be taken by management1) Not to mix up purchases with debtors2) Debtors can be offset upon receiving money or against bad debtConclusionIn conclusion, these issues above could be avoided provided that delegation and segregation of duties were made to ensure accountability in bookkeeping and minimisation to fraud. The company could in addition hire an internal auditor to regularly inspect the financial condition and activities of the company. Accountability and counter-checking between one another is also crucial to minimize mistakes and deceit. It is such a shame that a company with such great Mior, Asif, Stephanie, Rohannapotential (to be the leading cargo company in Malaysia) should suffer a mint such as this due to trivial avoidable mistakes and fraud. It is best that PLCs to work towards transparency within the company so that mistakes/problems could be detected and solved before it gets out of hand.ReferencesReady Ratios. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), Availablehttp//www.readyratios.com/reference/accounting/generally_accepted_accounting_ principles_gaap.html.Last accessed 4th Feb 2014

Fifa World Cup

The FIFA gentleman Cup Syafadzil A very good morning to our English class teacher, Mr. Lee and to all my friends. Today, me and my friends, Amir and Firdaus ar going to deal in a forum about the World Cup. Syafadzil To explain it briefly, the World Cup is the worlds biggest sports event. It was held every 4 years since the frontmost World Cup in 1930, except in 1942 and 1946 when it was non held because of World War 2. The tourney will be held in South Africa which involves 32 teams, each got to be in the tournament by a series of qualification phase, which took place over the three years after the recent World Cup.The host country has automatic qualifiqation. The World Cup is the most watched sporting event, with an estimated 715 million people watching the 2006 tournament, which was held in Germany. To go with the largest sports event, there are some notable records that had been do along the month-long exhibition since it was held. brazil-nut tree holds the record for li fting the envy trophy the most, which stands at 5. Brazil also boast the most goals in the tournament, scoring a thumping 201 goals.Moreover, it is the only(prenominal) country that had participated in every World Cup. individually,the most goals scored is held by Ronaldo, who plays for Brazil, with 15 goals to his name. Diego Maradona also set a record for appearing as master key 16 times for the Argentina nation. Amir thank you for the interesting informations, Syafadzil. Shall we move on with the questions then? Syafadzil Yes. First off, which team would you bet on to lift the crown World Cup this year? and why do you think that? Firdaus, any thoughts? Firdaus A very good question, Syafadzil.I think Spain would win it this year. Here are some of the reasons. Undoubtedly, they are the team at the number. They boast one of the best records along their way to South Africa. They are currently the number 1 class-conscious team in the world, which comes to no surprise to many people. Foot eners like Xavi, David Villa, Fernando Torres, Cesc Fabregas, Xabi Alonso all but to name a few, all playing their trades for their national team. Just read their names, and it will bring a cold shiver down to the spine of their opponents.Spain is a side full of footballing talents, with their players showing great form at the moment with their respective clubs. This team has resilience and team spirit. Thats just some of the reasons why I choose Spain. But Spain is not going to have a easy run-in to the trophy. They are going to face some stern test along the way, notably Brazil who wants to lift the trophy for the sixth time. Brazil is the 2nd ranked team in the world. Their attacking talents such as Robinho, Pato, Luis Fabiano and also not to forget their midfield engine, generated by the 2007 Ballon Dor winner, Kaka.They are not going to be easy to beat, especially with some great run of form recently found by the players. Syafadzil Looks like Spain is going to b e the winner, yes? What do you reckon, Amir? Amir Not if I have something to say about that. The team to watch by my opinion had got to be Holland. Dont don your eyes on this team, which ranked 3rd in the world. Their star player is arguably Robin van Persie, who plays for Arsenal but his progress had been held back collectible to the recent serious injury to his ligament.But he will be fit to play in the World Cup. Everybody knows that no team is made up of only one player. Other key players are Arjen Robben, who recently scored a spectacular volley that move Manchester United out of the Champions League, Wesley Sneijder, who scored the winner at Russia that sent Inter Milan to the semi-finals of the Champions League, and not to mention the footballing masterclass of Dirk Kuyt, Mark van Bommel and many other talented footballers.This team is rich in attack, and will surely run confusion in the opponets defence in this upcoming World Cup. like Spain, they also thrive on an envi able record along their way to South Africa. They were the first European team to secure a place in the finals, with a perfect 10 wins out of ten in the group stages. Syafadzil thank you for share your thoughts Amir. I guess well just have to wait to see who will be the champions then. Moving on, who is going to outshine any other players in this tournament?Firdaus, give your take on this one. Firdaus Its hard to choose, but I think I will go with Messi. The plucky Argentine forward had got to be the best striker in the world. He spear-headed Barcelona to an unprecedented 6 trophies last season, and were the top scorer in the Champions League. His work rate is high, his brilliance of controlling the ball is just mesmerizing and what else can I say? He had been praised by some of the worlds best footballing legends, Diego Maradonna being one of them.And he had been dubbed as one of the best if not, the best in the business. Amir Its true that Messi is just spectacular when wearin g the Barcelona shirt. But when he donned on the national jersey, he just could not find the form that he showed with Barcelona. Dont get me wrong, he still scored some important goals that helped the Argentina team to nail down for the World Cup, but for a footballer by his standards, he could have done punter, much better. Argentina only qualified by the skin of their teeth.They only secured their place with virtually the last game of the group stages and occupied the last automatic qualifications spot. And I just could not see that Messi will shine in the World Cup by the way things are going. Syafadzil Amir certainly gave us something to think about. But, who do you have in mind, Amir? Amir Im definitely going with Fernando Torres. Hes right up there with Messi, and can perform brilliantly both in club and foreign level. Even though he was pampered with injuries this season, he still can come back and immediately give a marvelous performance.By my opinion, he is better than Messi, but because of his injuries, he fell short every time. His skills are amazing, his reading of the ball is just spectacular, and he can pop out from anywhere and score. He truly is one of the best in this era. Syafadzil Thanks for that, both of you. Lets wrap up this forum then. 32 teams, with everything to play for, vying for the most coveted trophy in sports history. All will be unveiled in this upcoming summer. Do not miss it for the world.

The Sicilian Mafia

For both(prenominal) people, the mere mention of the name maffia paints a portrait in the subconscious of burly or corpulent, thuggish-looking men, with peppered or jet black hair, a scar somewhere on their face, dressed in black or ancient pinstriped suits garnished with a flower in their lapel, a fedora cocked angularly over their brow, their necks and fingers decorated in gold jewelry, and carrying a briefcase or any way of transit for weapons or m oney.This image is typically cliche of the average early 20th century gangster found in big cities such as innovative York City and Chicago, and of those individuals found in classic films such as The Godfather and Scarface. So then, what is, or who argon, the maffia? From where did they come? What did they do? Where are they now? To truly escort what the mafia is and represents, one must travel back in time, centuries ago, where the word, and the people associated, are infrastructureed from an area cognise widely for its boun tiful history of arts, war, and observe Sicily, Italy.A thorough understanding of what the mafia consists of would not be complete without an understanding of the Sicilian concepts of vendetta and omerta. The Italian word vendetta is rooted in the Latin vindicta inwardness punish. A more roomrn equivalent would be violent and vengeful pay back. The vendetta was often a prolonged series of retaliatory, hostile acts in exchange for previous violent acts, such as an eye for an eye concept or separatewise known as lex taliones.In ancient times, when enforcement of law by reli suitable authorities was virtually unknown, families would often take matters in their own men, and exact payment or revenge for a wrong-doing by an separate by means of vendetta, often by employing force-out, to include murder, to redress their grievance and restore honor to the injured group or family.Equally important in understanding what maffia is about, is the Italian concept of omerta. In its pre sent day usage, omerta is simply a code of silence, much equivalent the Blue Curtain of Secrecy employed by law enforcement or omissions of know directge that friends will utilize if a comrade is accused of a crime. Historically, howalways, the root meaning of this Italian word is manliness, not unlike the Spanish concept of machismo, which is considered an integral part, if not the very core value, behind the code of honor. It was in thirteenth century Sicily that such men of honor organized themselves to drive out foreign invaders, and were willing to kill, if necessary.Protecting the identities of their brothers in the event of capture, these men of honor invoked omerta, a code of silence, by refusing to provide governing authorities any information. The concept of omerta, then, served to provide a modicum of protection for the remaining body of those men of honor. No one is certain of the enigmatic origins of the name given to groups of organized criminals from Italy, and th e word itself had been long debated.One theory takes place during the time in the middle ages when the island of Sicily was plagued by foreign invaders, particularly by the French Angevins, who imposed unfair taxes upon the Sicilians. Rising up against their oppressors, several numbers of male citizens, who later came to be called men of honor, banded in concert to overthrow the French, while shouting, Morte alla Francia Italia anelia Translated, the phrase means Death to the French is Italys cry Taking the first letter from each word in this Italian phrase, the word M-a-F-I-a was created.Another theory thought to be true is that the word mafia was created in 1282 when an enraged group of Sicilian men of honor smitten back against a French soldier, killing him in retaliation for raping a Palermo girl on her wedding day. Taking away a young muliebritys virginity before it is given to her spouse is a heinous crime, and during this era, was punishable by death. As news of this rev olt spread from one town to the next, other Sicilians rose up against their French occupiers, killing literally thousands, thus running them off the island, while crying out, Ma fia Ma fia Literally meaning, My daughter My daughter Although neither theory has been proven, it is apparent that the basis of the name Mafia comes from some root of honor.The structure of the Mafia is originally based on a concludely knit famiglia or family structure, where the eldest male, such as a grandfather who is wise in the ways of family operations based on heritage and traditions, is the capofamiglia, otherwise known as the head of the family or the boss such as the godfather. His second in command or right-hand man who acts as a pseudo-boss when the capofamilglia is away, is the sotto capo, or underboss, and could have originally been a brother or first born son.The capofamiglia may have one or more advisors, made up of close friends, brothers, or cousins, who aid him in any decision making regarding la famiglia, known as consigliere. Following the sotto capo are crews of soldiers, or capodecina, commanded by the sotto capo. The capodecina, literally meaning head of ten is selected by the capofamiglia, and usually coordinates units of soldiers made up of about ten people. Lastly are associates, who have no familial ties with the famiglia, through channel or initiation, but aid the famiglia through legal and misbranded means.Associates usually consist of corrupt officials, such as police officers, judges, or religious heads, who suspensor la famiglia by providing any important information. An associate, to la famiglia, is seen as zero more than a tool, and may be discarded of easily if their services are not needed anymore. The only way to join the famiglia in the past was to be born or married into the family. As time went on, family of friends, as headspring as friends of friends, were admitted, but only after partaking in an initiation ceremony and swearing thei r allegiance to la famiglia, or else face the consequences of horrific mutilation or death. installation ceremonies included a variety of oaths and pledges, where potential members would carry out various acts to show their loyalty. Some acts included, but were not limited to, killing their own family members callable to an unpaid debt to the famiglia, finding a rat within the famiglia and sending him a warning, such as mutilation or disquietudeizing their home life, or other heinous and illegal acts that would show devotion. Other means of initiation were ceremonies where a blood oath was implemented.In a testimony from the police interrogation of Leo Pellegrino, from the village of Sciacca, Agrigento province, 15 March 1876, Leo proceeded to explain the ceremony he was choosed in Marsala tied my index finger of my right hand tightly with a string. He pricked the finger with a pin. The blood dripped on the image of a female saint. He burned the image, divided it into two portion s and gave me one. We ground up our portions in our hands and then threw the result into the air.As part of the ceremony I swore that I would remain a member of the Societa that has as its capo Don Vito Vita, and its aim is to commit crimes against persons and property. I was told that the Societa has affiliates in other towns, each town with its own capo, and if an affiliate does not carry out his assigned duties he would be judged by the Societa and condemned to death. Then they taught me the mode of recognizing other affiliates. Prior to BenitoMussolini becoming Italys dictator during the Fascist movement, the Mafia was the one of the ways of providing protection and justice throughout Sicily without involving law enforcement and government officials. The Mafia would rid neighborhoods of vandals and criminals, while collecting fees for their services. What work they provided for the people would be repaid in money, goods, or by marrying into families so they would profit from fa rming lands. By the time Mussolini came to Sicily, the Mafia had acquired a great deal of power and respect from the citizens they protected and profited from.In 1924, when Mussolini visited Sicily, he was angered by the reception he received. The capofamiglias treated him as nothing more than a mere guest to their land, and told Mussolini that he was under their protection. Enraged by this notion, fearing opposition to his regime, the dictator avowed to suppress the Mafia by means of violence and honor. Mussolini names Ceaser Mori as Prefect, and ordered him to crack down with steel and fire against the Mafia. Because the Mafias power was equal to that of the State, an invasion of western Sicily took place, and during 1926-1928, 11,000 suspects in the Mafia were arrested.Ceaser Mori felt that the Mafia and Sicilian people were not one in the same. Rather, that the island had been suffering under the reign of terror known as the Mafia because the State was absent. Poor governing had created the menace known as Mafia, and that by eliminating that power, encouraged the people of Sicily to break away from unlawful oppression. He wanted the Mafia to appreciate that the State was stronger and wanted the men of respect and honor to be brought to their knees and be humble for their vanity and arrogance.During Moris suppressive action of rounding up any individual, proven or otherwise, under suspicion of association for criminal purposes, hundreds fled Sicily to other countries as many as five hundred entered the United States, some illegally with help from family currently residing in the Unites States. Those arrested and unable to flee were found guilty and imprisoned. They were tortured in order to gain confessions, whether true or not, and violence towards individuals was common. Communities would be rounded up to ensure that those guilty would not flee the country.Innocent people would be caught up in the violence and tyranny with no ounce of concern from the St ate or other government officials. With Mussolini in control, Sicily faced a reign of terror. After capturing Don Vito Cascio Ferro, the greatest capo the Mafia ever had, Mori attempted to extract a confession from Don Vito, that he was, indeed, the capofamiglia of the Sicilian Mafia. Don Vito denied any accusation, regardless of the countless beatings Mori and his police committed. Finally, after having his legs clamped between a block of wood, Don Vito confessed to his involvement, and was sentenced to life imprisonment.Mussolini announced to the nation shortly after that the Mafia was no more and no force would ever be able to revive it. Following the Fascist movement and World War II, the crime rate in Sicily soared in amongst the upheaval and chaos. Many criminals escaped from prison and bandits roamed the streets, wreaking slaughter where ever they came. As Fascist members were disposed of, replacements were appointed, many of which turned out to be part of the Mafiosi, such as Calogero Vizzini and Giuseppe Genco Russo.They would present themselves as political dissidents and would rifle further desirable with their anti-communist position. The Minister of Agriculture, a communist, pushed for reforms where peasants would receive larger shares of produce and own land that was forced to be sold by owners of large estates. The Mafia had connections to many landowners and murdered several social reformists however, they were unable to stop the process, and many landowners chose to sell their land to the Mafiosi, who offered more money than the government.After the war, the government poured money into make Sicily, where two Mafia connected officials took control of Palermos Office of Public Works. They gave out building permits to just five people, who were probably Mafia front men. whatsoever construction companies unconnected with the Mafia were forced to pay protection fees, and many illegally constructed buildings were put up before the citys plannin g was finalized. This was the re-birth of the Sicilian Mafia. During the early 1960s, the first high-profile Mafia conflict occurred in post-war Italy.The Sicilian Mafia has always had a long history of violent rivalries, but this was the first to involve many lives, some of which were innocents. In December of 1962, a heroin shipment to America turned up missing, and when the Sicilian Mafia Commission could not define who to blame, the La Barbera clan, one clan involved, took matters into their own hands. They murdered a Mafioso, or member, of the Greco clan whom they had suspicion of stealing heroin. Therein, triggering a war where many would lose their lives.In April 1963, several non-mafiosi were wounded during a shootout in Palermo. Two months later, six military officers and a policeman in Ciaculli were killed while trying to dispose of a car bomb. Because the conflict spread beyond Sicily and claimed several innocent lives, a crackdown commenced in which nearly two thousand arrests were made. Mafia activity fell as a result as clans disbanded and many Mafiosi went into hiding. The Commission was dissolved and would not reform until the late 1960s and early 1970s.During the 1970s, the Mafia in Sicily resumed its normal extracurricular business, and Corleonesi, the mafia family from the town of Corleone, slowly began growing in power and prestige under the brutal and ambitious leadership of Luciano Leggio. Luciano Leggio became the boss through simply shot the previous boss, Michele Navarra. Corleonsis primary rivals were the bosses of various powerful Palermo Mafia Families. The Sicilian Mafia Commission was re-established in 1970, with Luciano Leggio as one of the three leaders, although his underboss, Salvatore Riina, represented him as he was in hiding in mainland Italy for various crimes committed.After Leggio was captured and murdered in 1974, Riina took over as boss and began winning over allies amongst other Mafia families. In 1978, Riina arran ged the murders of Bontade and Inserillos allies, the Reisi and Catania clans bosses. This caused the bosses of Palermo and their men to become isolated. After the murder of Stefano Bontade, another member of the commission, the Second Mafia War began. Hundreds of enemy Mafiosi and relatives were killed by each other, and even some of those who were traitorous in their own clans.In the end, the Corleonesi faction won, and Riina became widely known as the boss of bosses. By the early 1980s, the magistrates Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino began a campaign against the Sicilian Mafia. With the arrest of Tommaso Buscetta, a mafioso turned informant, Falcone and Borsellino compiled their testimonies and organized the Maxi Trial, which lasted twenty-eight months. Four hundred seventy-four mafiosi were put on trial, of which 342 were convicted. By 1992, the Italian Supreme Court confirmed these convictions.The Mafia retaliated violently, and in 1988, they murdered a Palermo judge and his son, a prosecutor and an anti-mafia businessman. Four years later, Falcone and Borsellino were killed by car bombs, and this led to a public outcry, along with a massive government crackdown, resulting in the arrest of Riina in 1993. Following Riinas arrest, the Mafia began a campaign of terror on mainland Italy. Tourist spots were attacked, such as places in Florence, Milan, and Rome, leaving ten dead and 93 injured, two churches bombed, and an anti-mafia priest shot dead.Leadership of the Mafia was held for a short time by Leoluca Bagarella, and then was passed to Bernardo Provenzano after Bagarella was captured in 1995. Provenzano ceased the violent campaign and replaced it with pax mafiosi, the quiet mafia, where it allowed the Mafia to slowly regain the power it once held. Provenzano halted the murders of state officials and informants. He felt that by not killing them and their families, it would encourage informants to retract their statements and testimonies and return to the famiglia. After eleven years of leadership, Provenzano was arrested in 2006.

Effects of Deforestation

Tropical rain forest is very important for our nature much(prenominal) as for ecosystem balance, earth temperature and flora and fauna habitat. In our country Malaysia, most of the forest are announced as a forest reserve to guard our forest from destroyed. Not only important to flora and fauna but also to lot. For some people, their lives depends on forest. However, deforestation activity by irresponsible people has led to imbalanced ecosystem.First of all, the effect of deforestation is pollution especially water pollution. This problem occurred when people often cut pop out the trees illegally. So, there are no roots to hold and prevent the soil from fall down. The soil that does not have roots to hold it can easily fall down into the river. Consequently, the water becomes polluted. Cloudy and shallow. From this, the aquatic life ecosystem go out be threatened and damaged.Another effect of the deforestation is flora extinction. As we all know, forest is the habitat of most s pecies for flora. For instance, raflesia, nepenthis, ferns, and various kinds of wood. The loggers who cut down the trees do not care whether the kind of trees is mature or immature. As a result, the trees which is flora habitat allow for be damaged. The flora will die and extinct due to this problem.Finally, we can see clearly the bad effects from deforestation. If this problem still happen, our forest will be damaged and vanish. In that case, our next generation will not have a chance to know all these valuable flora. So that, political relation and people should work together to overcome this problem.

Health Cruises Homework Essay

1. What is the minimum offspring of passengers Health journeys must sign up by November twentieth to break even? *Fixed costs = $220,000 (Ship rental and crew) + $65,000(initial advertisement expense) +$10,000(administrative expense) = $295000 *Contribution per unit = $1500 -$200 = $1300 *Breakeven stop consonant (in units)= 295000/1300 = 226.92 At least 227 passengers should sign up for Health Cruises by November 20th.2. Should Health Cruises go ahead with the sail since 200 people have signed up by November 14th? Why or wherefore not? Though I concede that Health Cruises do not reach the break-even apex and is in truth likely to make loss at this situation, I suggest them to keep running this trip from a long term perspective. The company should not consider only financial issue in operational business and miss an opportunity to make huge profits and create new spectrum of service. If Health Cruise efficiently proceed this trip and offer fine quality of service to these 200 passengers, this package cruises would go famous through word of mouth and gain effective advertising effect. Also, the company can damp understand the operating system of its product and reconstruct its business and financial system to make profit. Therefore, sooner of losing enormous amount of fixed costs by cancelling this whole cruise, I believe Health Cruises should represent its product regardless of its current financial status.3. The advertising agency has proposed two alternative campaigns to help see the boat. One will cost $6000 and the other would cost $15,000. Which would you suggest? *Breakeven manoeuver including = 295000+6000/1300 = 232another ads cost $6,000(in units)* Breakeven point including = 295000+15000/1300 = 239another ads cost $15,000(in units) I suggest the corporation to choose the campaign that costs $15,000 since, as calculation shown above proves, it has higher possibility of bringing enough number of passengers to exceed breakeven point in unit s and dupe profit. 4. Should Health Cruises consider deleteting its prices for this trip? Why or why not? What other factors could jounce the go/no-go decision in addition to the break even? The corporation should not cut its price for this trip because considering the fixed and inconstant costs its current price which ranges from $1500 to $2200 seems reasonable and at this point where this trip is the first product presenting and only 200 passengers signed up for it, we cannot guarantee that enough number of passengers would come to make profit even if we drop the price. Moreover, Health cruises should consider other internal and external factors to make this trip successful such as other ways to reduce its fixed and variable cost, its competitors prices and products and nations economic status.

Explore the theme of rebellion in the first 3 acts of ‘The Tempest’ Essay

Rebellion is in spades an important theme throughout the play. Every character has committed an act of rebellion at many point in The Tempest. The subject of rebellion was very important to the audience at the time because of the danger of rebellion at the time against James I, who was the monarch.There is a lot of rebelling against masters, as shown by twain Ariel and Caliban. In act 1 scene 2, Ariel asks Prospero for his freedom from the magicians service, yet is declined, and Prospero reminds him of what he freed Ariel from (I must once in a month recount what gigabyte hast been, which thou forgetst. I.ii.262-264). Prospero tells that the causal agency Sycorax imprisoned Ariel, was because the spirit refused to carry out her orders, rebelling against her authority. Caliban, on the other hand, displays his rebellious stripes by agreeing to operate Trinculo and Stephano instead of Prospero (A plague upon the tyrant that I serve Ill bear him no more(prenominal) sticks, but fo llow thee, thou wondrous man. II.2.162-164).Sebastian and Antonio are first rebellious in dress I scene 2, when they refused to obey the Boatswains orders (Hang cur, hang, you whoreson insolent noise-maker We are less afraid to be drowned than thou art. I.i.43-44). provided in Act II scene 1, the two characters rebel against their king, Alonso, by planning to come out him (Draw thy sword. One stroke shall free thee from the tribute which thou payest, and I the king shall love thee II.i.292-294). But rebellion is not only present in these completely power-driven characters, but also in those characters who are powered by love, such as Miranda and Ferdinand.Ferdinand, a prince, rebels against social order and agrees to serve Prospero in order to see Miranda (To whom I am subdued, are but light to me, might I but through my prison once a day behold this maid I.2.489-491). Not being brocaded in Milan in the modern society, Miranda is not aware of the social protocol at the time when it comes to love, by asking Ferdinand to marry her (My husband then? III.i.89). At the beginning of the scene, Miranda sees Ferdinand against Prosperos wishes, (Hes dependable for these three hours III.i.21).Even before the first events of the play took place, in that location was a history of rebellion surrounded by Prospero, the rightful Duke of Milan and his buddy, Antonio, the man who usurped him. Before being betrayed by his brother, Prospero was a negligent Duke, spending all his redundant time in his study practising magic, and rebelling against the rules of society (And rapt in secret studies I.ii.77). Antonio, on the other hand, rebelled against the wishes of his brother by taking advantage of the power Prospero had bestowed upon him, and usurped him of his dukedom (in my false brother awakened an hellish nature and my trust like a good parent, did beget of him I.ii.92-94 & he needs be inviolate Milan I.ii.109-110).Gonzalo is the only character who can be debated in the discussion of rebellion. He does indeed show whatever rebellious streaks, though they a very subtle. For instance, in the first scene of play, Gonzalo vey politely disobeys the Boatswains command (Good, yet remember whom thou hast aboard I.i.19). Then in his Utopia speech in Act 2 scene 1, Gonzalo describes a seemingly perfect world where all men idle and there is no name of magistrate (II.i.147-156). This is more rebellious to the Jacobean audience watching the play than it is towards the other characters in the play, because Gonzalo is describing a world without any higher social order that doesnt sound apocalyptic. It was especially unsafe because the play was performed in front of the king, James I, who, at the time, was suffering some political trouble.Even though each character is rebelling seemingly on their own, Prospero is really managing the rebellion. In Act 2 scene 1, Prospero uses his servant, Ariel, to advisedly create particular conditions which favour this reb ellious behaviour in order to prompt an act of anarchy from Sebastian and Antonio. The King and the lords are purposely put to sleep by Ariel in order to offer Sebastian and Antonio an pure opportunity to do the foul deed. But just as he creates, so Prospero prevents, and sabotages Sebastian and Antonios assassination plot by waking the King.In conclusion, the theme of rebellion is an important part of Shakespeares The Tempest, because it helps ferment the play in terms of power and manipulation.