The Age Of Modern America - 1411 Words

It was the Compromise of 1877 that brought reconstruction in the south to an end. The compromise called for the withdraw of federal troops in the southern states, promised that a southern would be appointed as Postmaster General, offered the south federal subsidies, and in return, Rutherford Hayes would become president, and reconstruction would officially be over (Peskin). The closing of one chapter lead to a new one: the birth of modern America., the Gilded Age. Major changes were taking place in the country, almost all being a result of the rapid industrialization that was taking place. Cities thrived with people, most seeking out work. Inventions flourished, light flooded the streets with the widespread availability of electricity and the lightbulb. Time were definitely changing, especially within the social classes of America. The changes effected the classes in many different ways: the wealthy suddenly became wealthier, and the middle class moved up in the ranks, as well. The s ame could not be said for the lower classes, though, particularly the working-class. For them, times were tough, poverty was widespread and conditions were unsafe in almost any environment they inhabited. Despite the industrial revolution being a positive for many of the social classes in America, it was very detrimental to the working-class in that it lead to urbanization and overcrowding of cities, many people taking jobs in dangerous factories, and a seemingly disorganized family life. It wasShow MoreRelatedThe Transition Of Medieval And Modern Times1235 Words   |  5 Pagestransition of Medieval to Modern happened over a long period of time. The middle ages marked a dark time in Europe’s history, and the people were anxious to get out. The Renaissance began, and art emerged to create a brighter society. During the Reformation, the country shifted away from the Roman Catholic Church, and many Protestant religions emerged. The Scientific Revolution also marked a change in medical to modern by creating new ways to look at the world and mathematics. The Age of Discovery markedRead More The Human Condition: Freedom Expropriated by Corporations Essay903 Words   |  4 Pagesuseful for looking at America today. American citizens have been displaced from the Arendtian model of the modern age. The American government has lost its freedom by having been expropriated from the realm of freedom in the vita activa. Capitalism and large corporations now wield the most power and economic influence in America today. This explanation has become increasingly more appropriate in describing the role of oil corporations in America, in light of the actions America has taken since theRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Arranged Marriage1347 Words   |  6 Pagesyou desire. The long-age tradition of having arranged marriages in other countries and even in cultures in America today, arranged marriages have different meanings and circumstances. Some countries like China and India have modernized their tradition of arranging marriages, while other countries still use arranged marriages for wealth and status in society. Although, at the core, arranged marriages restrict any women’s rights under forceful circumstances. Divorce rates in America have reached a highRead MoreCompetitive Behaviors And Practices, By Cathy Davidson, And Rent Seeking And The Making Of An Unequal Society Essay1658 Words   |  7 PagesEver since a young age, the youth of the United States are taught that they must strive to be the best they can be. This would ultimately result in one possessing a competitive edge, once one enters the selection process of joining one of many higher institutions of education or the job market. In the essays â€Å"Project Classroom Makeover,† â€Å"Biographies of Hegemony,† and â€Å"Rent Seeking and the Making of an Unequal Society,† respectfully by, Cathy Davidson, Karen Ho, and Joseph Stiglitz, the topic ofRead MoreThe Rise Of Modern America854 Words   |  4 Pagesexamine the rise of â€Å"modern America†, there were economic, religious, and aspect of life changes took place and it was greatly changed the Americans society’s perceptions, specifically, t he north and the south. The rise of â€Å"modern America† was greatly motivated immigrants to come to the United States for economic opportunity, industrialization in the North after the civil war created new businesses and job regulations, and the demand for social changes; all of these factors shaped America socially, politicallyRead MoreHistory Of American Comic Comics Superheroes1191 Words   |  5 PagesHistory of American Comic Book Superheroes. Before they become significant box-office phenomena and debut for TV serious, superheroes were short stories in printed media. Supermen, Batman, Captain America, Wonder Woman †¦were comic books superheroes. The idea of superheroes was long existed. However, as many comic books historians agreed, The Phantom, published in February 17, 1936, is considered to be the first comic book costumed hero. Since then, comic books superheroes were booming. In the mid-1940sRead MoreAmerican Comics And Japanese Manga1048 Words   |  5 PagesI. Abstract When mention comics, everyone can think of America comics and Japanese manga. They are two big parts of world comics and represent western and eastern comics. So they will have some differences in style, content and development. America comics is mainly about superheroes and reflects individualistic heroism. Japanese manga has many genres. II. Introduction Comics is a kind of medium that uses drawing and writing to tell a story. Cartooning is the most common mean in comics. ComicsRead MoreThe Persian Wars Were Significant For World History1441 Words   |  6 PagesThe Greco-Persian Wars were significant for world history because they paved the way for the rise of democracy, emerging cultural advances, and formed the structure of the Eastern-Western divide in later civilizations, which eventually shapes the modern world. Initially, the wars began about 500 B.C.E. and lasted until 448 B.C.E. â€Å"Notably not all Greeks fought against the Persians; some were neutral, and others were allied with Persia.† The conflicts emerged after the Persian conquest by CyrusRead MoreEvolution of the American Short Story1077 Words   |  4 PagesWhen short stories started to be written in the American Romanticism Time Period, they were very different from the ones today, but they didn’t change abruptly. Over the different periods like the American Romanticism, Dark Romantics, Realism, Moderns, and Contemporary, the events changed the style of writing and the characteristics of the way the authors in these times wrote their stories. The authors in these eras started to revolutionize the way they wrote according to occurrences in that particularRead MoreEssay about Change and Continuity in the Guilded Age1194 Words   |  5 Pages Change and Continuity in the Gilded Age Emergence of Modern America nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; â€Å"Every day things change, but basically they stay the same.†-Dave Matthews Change and continuity are two major principles of life. They can easily be applied to history because their application accurately portrays the circumstances, and characterizes the era of interest. Merriam-Webster defines continuity as an uninterrupted connection, succession, or union, or an uninterrupted

Differences Between Animusoft And Netro s Internship

Among the several differences between Animusoft and Netro’s internship, the most prominent is the workload that is placed upon students. Animusoft requires students to work on at least 4 projects throughout the duration of the internship. These projects will be small and feasible to complete. This is so that students are able to use this internship as a learning experience. Students are also expected to work on these projects for a minimum of 20 hours per week with a team in a work environment. In addition to this, students must be willing to contribute to their project at home and in their free time. Similarly, Netro also expects students to be able to work independently. However, Animusoft offers guidance to students who may be†¦show more content†¦Additionally, Animusoft offers a more flexible schedule to students than Netro. Unlike Netro, Animusoft works around student’s schedules and offers both a full-time and part-time position. Animusoft considers the understanding of web technologies as a plus rather than a requirement like Netro. They require students to be majoring in IT, Computer Science, and Software Engineering. On the other hand, Netro requires a working knowledge of Wireframe Prototyping in the computing technologies. It is obvious that Netro is not as lenient as Animusoft when it comes to internship requirements. Animusoft states that students should have basic coding experience in C, C++, C#, Objective C, Java, Javascript, HTML, SQL, XML, and other various programming languages. Furthermore, Animusoft states that they are leveraging a marketing platform driven by 25 partners. They are even developing software packages designed for our Partners. Offering professional development services to robotic component manufacturers. They claim that they will run various online properties which will expose interns to a vast amount of technologies, concepts and business techniques. These include the software industry, e-commerce, online marketing and

Students Need Shorter School Days free essay sample

Students have a limited amount of power in school, which is one of the main reasons for cutting classes. Students feel as though schools try to contain them and that they are not able to be themselves. They are forced to sit in a chair for a certain amount of time and to quietly complete assignments. The thought of this recurring activity results in students caring less about school, which eventually makes their grades decrease. By shortening the school days, students wouldn’t be as distressed about going to school and their grades would be higher.Fewer school hours per day would permit students to have enough time to study, complete school assignments, participate in after-school activities and be able to get to bed by a decent hour. The school day is primarily seven hours long. Most of us have a wide range of after-school activities. Some participate in clubs while other have jobs or are on sports teams. We will write a custom essay sample on Students Need Shorter School Days or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Some participate in more than one after-school activity. By the time we are finished with the school day and their activities, there isn’t much time for them to complete homework assignments and study for exams. Instead, we result to quickly completing our homework and we do not receive any educational value from it. Also, we may not have time to study at all, which would result in failing grades. Long school hours put much pressure on students. We may tend to slack off which could be harmful for their education in the long run. In classes now, the lesson usually doesn’t start until about ten minutes into the period, once the students have settled into their places.This is also because students feel that if they are late to class, the time would go by faster. If about ten minutes were cut from each class, the time would add up. The students would most likely go to their classes on time, because the class would overall be shorter and able for them to handle. A shorter day would leave more time for us to enjoy their lives and not have to rush through activities or assignments. We would be able to do everything at a slower and calmer pace rather than rushing.By cutting time out of the school day, the students’ education level would not be hurt. The students would be able to retain the same information whether it was taught within an hour or half an hour. Many people could say that since work hours are long, that school hours should be long as well. This view is not necessarily true. We starts out in school and then work our way up to a steady job as we get older. Therefore, at one point everyone will be working long hours. Students should not have to work as long as some adults do.Also, some jobs do not require work to be done after work hours. We the students, on the other hand, have to continue working by completing their homework assignments. A shorter school day can only be seen as a positive change. Both students, teachers and administrators would benefit from the change. Teachers would be able to have some free time and be able to educate students. The students would gain more time for fun while also having time to gain an excellent education.

John D. Rockefeller Essays - Rockefeller Family, Standard Oil

John D. Rockefeller During the late 1800's and early 1900's the oil industry was a monopoly that was created by one man. Some people would describe this man as a ruthless, cruel, cutthroat business tycoon. This man was John Davison Rockefeller. John D. Rockefeller made the Standard Oil Company, becoming America's first billionaire, and then gave away more than half his fortune to charities. John Rockefeller was a dedicated businessman who built himself an empire from nothing and helped others with his generous donations. His business ended up helping smaller businesses because of the new laws and restrictions that needed to be created in order for the U.S. government to have a handle on the Standard Oil Company. John D. Rockefeller changed the oil industry, created and greatly contributed to many charities in America. Rockefeller was born on July 8, 1839 in Richford, New York (J.D.R. J.D.R. Page n.p.). He married Laura C. Spelman (1839-1915) on September 8, 1864 (Rockefeller Family and Associates n.p.). His mother, Eliza Davison Rockefeller, was very religious and disciplined, she was the person who taught him to work hard, save and give to charities (J.D.R. J.D.R. Page n.p.). Rockefeller's mother had the biggest influence on him involving his religion and philanthropy. John D. Rockefellers father, William Avery Rockefeller, was a pitch man or a doctor that says he can cure cancers for a fee (J.D.R. J.D.R. Page n.p.). John and Laura Rockefeller had four girls and one boy (Rockefeller Family and Associates n.p.). The one boy they did have, John Davison Rockefeller Jr. (1874-1960), went on to continue his father's work and make the Rockefeller name a well-liked one instead of one that was a bitter reminder of his father's business techniques (Rockefeller Family and Associates n.p.). John D. Rockefel ler died on May 23, 1937 in Ormond, Florida after retiring from the oil industry in 1911 (J.D.R. Encyclopedia of World Biography Vol. 13 228). Rockefeller attended Folsom's Commercial College for ten weeks where he studied single and double entry bookkeeping, penmanship, commercial history, mercantile customs, banking and exchange to help him get a job (J.D.R. J.D.R. Page n.p.). He never attended any other type of school after attending Folsom's Commercial College. The most important person in Rockefeller's life was his mother when he was growing up (Bill Bell n.p.). She was the person who taught him about his religion. When Rockefeller was twelve years old, he loaned a local farmer fifty dollars at seven percent interest, and discovered that letting money do the work was a much better way to earn a living, instead of working one's whole life (J.D.R. J.D.R. Page n.p.). Charging interest on his money earned him more than he had to loan out and led him to stocks, where he always had more of the company's stocks than anyone else. His first real job was at as an assistant bookkeeper where he gained many responsibilities because of his hard work mentality and honesty (J.D.R. J.D.R. Page n.p.). Since Rockefeller was poor as a child he always worked hard to get anything. This was a very good quality that he had, and it helped him greatly when he was looking for a job. Rockefeller's family was Baptist and so Rockefeller himself, was a very religious ma n that always gave money to the church (J.D.R. J.D.R. Page n.p.). When Rockefeller was twenty years of age, he would give ten percent of his income to his church (Roger Draper n.p.). He even paid off the mortgage of the Euclid Avenue Baptist Church after suffering a heart attack one day before he died (Bill Bell n.p.). In his business and retired life he loved to pile up money, but also loved to give it away to charities (Bill Bell n.p.). Rockefeller first went into business, in grains, with Maurice Cark (1859) and soon expanded into oil refining when it was just getting going (J.D.R. Encyclopedia of World Biography vol. 13 226). Rockefeller was involved in the South Improvement Company Scheme in 1871, which was ...a defensive alliance of Cleveland refiners to meet the bitter opposition of the oil producers of Pennsylvania. (J.D.R. Encyclopedia of World Biography vol.13 227). The plan and the Refiner's pool were outlawed by the Pennsylvania Legislature (J.D.R.

A.E. Housman Scholar And Poet Essays - A. E. Housman,

A.E. Housman: Scholar and Poet Alfred Edward Housman, a classical scholar and poet, was born in Fockbury in the county of Worcestershire, England on March 26, 1859. His poems are variations on the themes of mortality and the miseries of human condition (Magill 1411). Most of Housman's poems were written in the 1890's when he was under great psychological stress, which made the tone of his poems characteristically mournful and the mood dispirited (Magill 1411). "In the world of Housman's poetry, youth fades to dust, lovers are unfaithful, and death is the tranquil end of everything (Magill 1412)." Throughout his life, Housman faced many hardships. The loss of his mother at age 12 shattered his childhood and left him with tremendous feelings of loneliness, from which he never fully recovered. His father began to drink as a result of his mother's death and began a long slide into poverty. When Housman went to college, he had a deep and lasting friendship with Moses Jackson. He had developed a passionate attachment and fallen in love with him. When the relationship did not work out, Housman plunged into a suicidal gloom which was to persist at intervals for the rest of his life. His declaration that "I have seldom written poetry unless I was rather out of health," seems to support the opinion that emotional trauma greatly influenced his work. The only way to relieve himself from this state of melancholy was by writing (Magill 1409). As a result of Housman's poor childhood and misfortunes, he devoted most of his life to erudition and poetry. He was educated at Bromsgrove school and won a scholarship to Oxford University, where he studied classical literature and philosophy. After graduating from Oxford, he became a professor of Latin, first at University College and later at Cambridge University. He was a knowledgeable and scholarly individual who was fluent in five languages (Magill 1405). Over a period of fifty years, Housman gave many enlightening lectures, wrote numerous critical papers and reviews, and three volumes of poetry. In all of his poetry, Housman continually returns to certain preferred themes. The most common theme discussed in the poems is time and the inevitability of death. He views time and aging as horrible processes and has the attitude that each day one lives is a day closer to death Cleanth Brooks stated, "Time is, with Housman, always the enemy." The joy and beauty of life is darkened by the shadow of fast approaching death (Discovering Authors 7). He often uses symbolism to express death, therefore the reader has to look into the true meaning of the poem to see it's connection with death. Another frequent theme in Housman's poetry is the attitude that the universe is cruel and hostile, created by a god who has abandoned it. R. Kowalczyk summed up this common theme when he stated: Housman's poetic characters fail to find divine love in the universe. They confront the enormity of space and realize that they are victims of Nature's blind forces. A number of Housman's lyrics scrutinize with cool, detached irony the impersonal universe, the vicious world in which man was placed to endure his fated existence (Discovering Authors 8). Housman believed that God created our universe and left us in this unkind world to fend for ourselves. The majority of Housman's poems are short and simple. It is not difficult to analyze his writing or find the true meaning of his poems. However, the directness and simplicity of much of Housman's poetry were viewed as faults. Many critics view Housman's poetry as "adolescent", thus he is considered a minor poet. The range of meter that Housman uses varies from four to sixteen syllables in length. John Macdonald claims "What is remarkable about Housman's poetry is the amount and the sublety variation within a single stanza, and the almost uncanny felicity with which the stresses of the metrical pattern coincide with the normal accents of the sentence (Discovering Authors 11)." Housman uses monosyllabic and simple words in his poetry, but the words that he chooses to use fit together rhythmically and express the idea with a clear image. To express his vivid images Housman uses epithets, which are words or phrases that state a particular quality about someone or something (English Tradition 1399). Housman uses epithets sparingly, but when he uses them they are creative and original: such phrases as "light-leaved spring," the bluebells of the listless plain," and "golden friends" make his poetry decorative and filled with imagery (British Writers 162). In 1896, A Shropshire Lad was published at the expense of Housman himself.

Free Essays on African American Stereotypes In Literature

, the same myths which seem to plague African-Americans also plague the lives of many women and can be seen in some of the writings by authors who have been covered in class. Can either of the aforementioned statements be true? It is possible, especially when looking at the works of Zora Neale Hurston, William Faulkner, Henry James, and Kate Chopin. In order to understand the basic myths related to African Americans and how they are similar to the myths regarding women it is best to begin by examining the works of Zora Neale Hurston. Zora Hurston is an African-American writer who seems to endorse certain myths regarding the African-American race as well as myths regarding women. This type of endorsement coming from Hurston is rather extraordinary considering that Hurston comes from the age of the Harlem Renaissance and has an extensive educational background. Some of the myths which Hurston endorses include: Black men are lazy, blacks are ignorant, and women are submissive. Knowing that Hurston’s influence is from the Harlem Renaissance it is interesting how she portrays the various characters in her stories. Especially since, according to an in class presentation, â€Å"The Harlem Renaissance, also known as the Negro Movement, was a time in which all blacks were encouraged to participate in art and literature to increase awareness of the African-American culture. This was also a time when there was an increase in intellectual African-Americans.† With the increases intellect among the race, it is a wonder why Hurston chooses to depict characters such as Jelly and Sweet B... Free Essays on African American Stereotypes In Literature Free Essays on African American Stereotypes In Literature â€Å"†¦Afro-American writers have insinuated their countermyths into the dominant discourse by appearing to endorse myths they in fact seek to subvert.† (- Craig Warner) Craig Warner’s statement regarding African-American writers can also be said about writers who also seem to endorse myths regarding women that most women would prefer to undermine. In other words, the same myths which seem to plague African-Americans also plague the lives of many women and can be seen in some of the writings by authors who have been covered in class. Can either of the aforementioned statements be true? It is possible, especially when looking at the works of Zora Neale Hurston, William Faulkner, Henry James, and Kate Chopin. In order to understand the basic myths related to African Americans and how they are similar to the myths regarding women it is best to begin by examining the works of Zora Neale Hurston. Zora Hurston is an African-American writer who seems to endorse certain myths regarding the African-American race as well as myths regarding women. This type of endorsement coming from Hurston is rather extraordinary considering that Hurston comes from the age of the Harlem Renaissance and has an extensive educational background. Some of the myths which Hurston endorses include: Black men are lazy, blacks are ignorant, and women are submissive. Knowing that Hurston’s influence is from the Harlem Renaissance it is interesting how she portrays the various characters in her stories. Especially since, according to an in class presentation, â€Å"The Harlem Renaissance, also known as the Negro Movement, was a time in which all blacks were encouraged to participate in art and literature to increase awareness of the African-American culture. This was also a time when there was an increase in intellectual African-Americans.† With the increases intellect among the race, it is a wonder why Hurston chooses to depict characters such as Jelly and Sweet B...

Development of Herbs and ayurveda Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Development of Herbs and ayurveda - Case Study Example associate their lifestyle with fashion in health. The choice of Himalaya nourishing cream compliments the craze for fashion in India.Amongst the 720 crore market for the Indian fairness cream Himalayahealthcare wishes to acquire 2 percent market share (www.himalayahealthcare.com /search). MISSION (www.himalayahealthcare.com /mission) To establish Himalaya as a science based problem solving,head to heal brand harnessed from nature's wealth and characterised by trust and healthy lives. To develop worldwide markets and have an in-depth long-term approach maintaining highest ethical standards . To co-operate and take into consideration the talents of each member of the Himalaya family and the nearby communities in the local region where Himalayaproducts are consumed. To support the eco-friendly environment. mf.. Mohan 3 To ensure that each employee strongly reciprocates...Women besides fashion also want health and this nourishing cream fulfils their need and want because it is a gentle blend of herbal extracts that create vitality and youth for the skin. Himalaya herbal nourishing cream is light and non-greasy and provides nourishment, all day long. It protects the skin from pollution and dry weather.

Discussion of the various issues related to corporate governance and Dissertation

Discussion of the various issues related to corporate governance and its impact on financial performance of companies - Dissertation Example The analysis includes a comprehensive literature review on corporate governance, its various mechanisms and the impact on financial performance of firms; as well as P.E.S.T analysis of the four companies. Impact of corporate governance mechanisms on modern companies Contents Sr.# Topic Pg. # 1. Introduction 4 1.1. Purpose of the study 5 2. Brief Background 10 2.1. Meaning and definition 10 2.2. Significance and relevance 11 3. Literature Review 14 3.1. Accounting & Finance Theory: Corporate Governance 14 3.1.1 Corporate governance mechanisms 18 3.1.2. Effect of corporate governance on earnings management 22 3.1.3. Agency theory and corporate governance 25 3.1.4. Corporate governance regulations 3.2. Impact of corporate governance on bank performance 3.3. Relationship between board rules and board effectiveness 3.4. Relationship between board effectiveness and financial performance 4. Industry/ Sector overview 4.1. Banking Sector 4.1.1. HSBC 4.1.2. RBS 4.2. Integrated Oil and Gas sect or 4.2.1. British Petroleum P.L.C. 4.3. Retail sector 4.3.1. J. Sainsbury P.L.C. 5. Research Methodology 6. Findings and Analysis 6.1. P.E.S.T. analysis 6.1.1. HSBC 6.1.2. RBS 6.1.3. British Petroleum 6.1.4. J Sainsbury 7. Conclusion and Recommendations Reference list 1. Introduction The various financial scandals resulting on account of misappropriation of accounts and funds including top British banks such as Barclays Bank for the Libor scandal (The Guardian, 2012a); Lloyds Bank - which resulted in more than ?2 million worth of bonus cuts for the directors (The Telegraph, 2012); HSBC's money laundering scandal (The Guardian, 2012b); among many others have brought the issue of effective controls and monitoring policies of contemporary corporate institutions into question. Such financial and money-laundering scandals are not a recent phenomenon as is evident from the historically infamous cases involving top companies such as Enron and Worldcom among many others whereby the interest s of the stakeholders and the general community were ignored by the management leading to widespread concern. Incidences such as these have raised serious concerns regarding the effectiveness of governing policies required to enhance accountability among the management and help control and monitor their activities and decision making, in order to safeguard the interests of the stakeholders. Scandals such as these are certainly not new and have been witnessed in almost all sectors of the industry. However the rising number of such incidences has brought to light the ineffectiveness of corporate governance policies or their lack thereof in preventing them. It has also given rise to debates regarding the vulnerability of stakeholders against the misappropriation of funds by the management and their lack of control in having a say in company matters. The failure of companies in recent times along with the historical cases whereby various companies were forced to shut down on account of such scandals (including BCCI, Maxwell Communications etc) has prompted researchers to probe into the matter and suggest effective solutions and recommendations with regard to various corporate governance issues. The literature on impact, influence and consequences of lack of corporate governance on financial frauds has grown over the years which reaffirm the consensus on the issue regarding its significance. This study

Challenges of the Twenty-Year Veteran Seeking Federal Employment Research Proposal

Challenges of the Twenty-Year Veteran Seeking Federal Employment - Research Proposal Example The paper tells that the Federal Executive branch has been recognized to be the principal owner with regard to Veteran employees in the United States. A huge number of Veterans are believed to be engaged presently in different agencies throughout the country as well as the world. The Federal government is learnt to comprise augmented number of Veterans as its employees in comparison to the other private segments. It has been further found that the Federal government even plans to increase its recruitment of Veterans in the various fields of services. Employing Veterans by the government is not only considered to be morally appropriate but is also believed to be advantageous from the business point of view. It is considered to be quite beneficial as the government is often believed to put in noteworthy amount of resources for the reason of training as well as development with regard to the military service workforce. The insistent steps taken towards keeping hold of the evolutionary m ilitary service workforce within the government aid in making the most of their return on the made investments. This also facilitates the government to make recruitments and fill up the places that entails higher requirements in the Federal agencies. The twenty-year veterans’ were found to witness challenges while seeking federal employment after the completion of their service in the armed forces. This is proving to be discouraging for the twenty-year veterans’ as they are being held back from leading a normal life post service. The main challenges faced by the twenty-year veterans’ along with the causes are considered to be the problem which is aimed to be explored in this study. Purpose Statement The purpose of this study will be to focus on the various challenges faced by the twenty-year veterans while seeking federal employment. The study will also intent to identify the causes triggering the challenges along with suggesting suitable solutions. Conceptual T heoretical Framework The aim of this research will be to identify the challenges faced by the twenty-year veterans while looking for federal employment. The research will relate to the laws favoring the appointment of twenty-year veterans’ in federal employment and the other relevant laws related to the preference and disabilities along with the needed steps that is required to be undertaken in this context. Research Questions The research questions in relation to the topic of the research identified are: The kind of challenges witnessed by the veterans’ The role of the Veterans’ Preference Laws in overcoming the challenges Literature Review From the time period with regard to the Civil War, considerable extents of preference in the course of selection in relation to the Federal jobs are being provided to the Veterans related to the Armed Forces. Taking into consideration the degree of sacrifices made with regard to those individuals offering their services in t he field of Armed Forces, the Congress passed laws with the intention to avoid or check veterans on the lookout for Federal service from being reprimanded owing to the amount of time spent by an individual in the field of military service (Howell, 2011). According to the regulations, the physically disabled veterans or the ones who rendered their respective service in relation to dynamic responsibility with regard to the Armed Forces in the course of definite particular time phases or even in military movements would enjoy certain

IMF World Bank And Chinas Role Global Governance Politics Essay

IMF World Bank And Chinas Role Global Governance Politics Essay This study will explain how these international organizations are changing and why there are differences in how the two organizations (IMF World Bank) are developing. Constructivist approach to the study of international organizations as actors, it is argued that an understanding of international organizations as bureaucracies with varying degrees of autonomy will contribute to a deeper understanding of their behavior. There are three central International Organizations (IOs) involved in regulating and coordinating the global economy; the International Monetary Fund (IMF or the Fund), the World Bank, and the World Trade Organization (WTO). But I am only going to discuss the role of IMF, World Bank and Chinas role in Global Governance. Since the end of the Second World War, when most of todays more important IOs were created the environment in which these organizations operate has undergone some significant changes impacting on the roles they are to fulfill and the expectations place d on them. The larger process of globalization has generally meant more work for IOs, more states joining, and expansion into new areas previously considered domestic issues. So, the idea is that in new era organizations like IMF and World Bank have become more important in governing the global economy. So, the IOs can be seen as part of an international system where such organizations act as intervening variables in international affairs but also influence the interests of states, in a mutually constituting environment.  [1]   In creating an IO, states also necessarily grant some level of autonomy in order for the organization to work effectively.  [2]  Naturally some states will have more influence in an organization than others but an IO needs to find a balance between the interests of its members and the organizations interests in promoting its mission and continued existence. The roles of the IMF and the World Bank have changed since their creation and the dismantling of the Bretton Woods system in the 1970s. The increased importance of these organizations has meant different things for the organizations and they have developed their own unique way, yet they are still involved in the larger task of regulating the global economy. In some ways these organizations now also have a greater involvement in the domestic policies of the states. Those for example need to lend money or want to be part of the global trade regime. Importantly their membership numbers have also increased greatly since the end of the Cold War. However, if these organizations are perceive as being in the business of performing tasks that impinge on the sovereignty of states, in some ways fulfilling a governance function at the international level then we arguably need to look closer on how they are accountable to member states (shareholders) and people affected by their policies (Stakeholders). This becomes even more important since it is clear that often the states mostly affected by their policies. Developing countries, are the states with little input in these IOs, to an extent by design, have a degree of autonomy in developing solutions for problems and agenda setting  [3]  . The study of IOs in international relations takes place against a background of theoretical disagreement between rationalists and constructivists. From mainstream international relations perspectives, which are rationalist in character, IOs traditionally have not been seen as relevant actors in the international arena. IOs are primarily seen as tools for states with no independent interests and no relevant autonomy. At best from a neo-liberal perspective you could say that the existence of IOs can have a pacifying impact on state behavior increasing the likelihood of international cooperation. Rationalist theories are focused primarily on states and why states create IOs in the first place. State interest in rationalist theories is largely seen as predetermined while in a constructivist view more emphasis is placed on the importance of changing norms and ideas. Constructivists argue those ideas, principles and an actors perceived identity influence behavior  [4]  . International Organizations as Agents of Change IOs are designed to facilitate state cooperation but often also to uphold a given set of rules, norms and practices. These norms and rules are of course designed by states and are subject to change if states wish it. One state alone however will have a hard time bringing about significant changes. Cooperation and reciprocal treatment is usually necessary to reach some form of consensus on what norms should prevail. IOs can here also be seen as important facilitators of change as they develop new solutions and policies, within general borders of what is acceptable to their principals. In this view state interests can be seen as derived from both the domestic level and the international level where numerous actors more or less important and involved in shaping and reshaping internationally held norms and rules. IOs are sites of interaction where such norms are shaped, but not exclusively by the states as experts and staff are also highly involved. When an organization has become more e stablished it can be seen as an actor in itself, working to promote tasks delegated to it. In the process of doing this the organization needs to solve problems and develop solutions that can be acceptable to member-states and other clients. So, IOs are generally treated as something positive and are seen to promote peace and international cooperation. The fact that IOs often have a liberal orientation, promoting issues like human rights and free trade adds to the positive view of IOs. A view of IOs as bureaucracies however provides insight into how IOs can sometimes fail due to internal dysfunction  [5]  . In addition IOs have traditionally not been famous for their democratic organization and transparency. Treating them as bureaucracies could provide insights into their legitimacy and how they change to improve their legitimacy in the face of increasing criticism. Four characteristics of modern bureaucracies relevant to understanding IOs as actors are organizational hierarchy, continuity, impersonality and expertise  [6]  . The impersonal character of bureaucracies means that there is a focus on rules that contribute to the image of bureaucratic organizations as impartial and depoliticized. Ideally, as pointed out by rationalists, IOs could be seen as impartial organizations administrating and carrying out the will of their members. This is a view that IOs themselves are often happy to promote  [7]  . Bureaucratic culture is a concept that is useful in understanding why organizations choose one solution over another or why they develop in a certain way. Bureaucratic rules are an integral part of this. Rules and guiding principles will be specific to an organization depending on its area of expertise. Rules will reflect underlying norms and principles and define how the organization interprets problems. They can be both explicit, like operating procedures internal to the organization, and implicit rules and norms guiding staff as to how an issue should be approached. Barnett and Finnemore pointed out some effects of bureaucratic rules that can be of interest  [8]  . Internal rules prescribe how an organization interprets problems so that the organization can respond to issues in an effective manner. Rules, often produced by the organization, also define how other actors should behave. Such rules, as part of the bureaucratic culture of an IO, also influence how staff interprets the world around them and how new problems are dealt with. A further argument is that such rules also contributes to a classification of issues in a way that fits the organization that then influences how others understand those issues, thus having a constitutive effect. For example rules on trade are defined at the WTO which then serves as a standard for others. The World Bank develops solutions to problems of poverty and development which prescribe future action by themselves and others. Rules and principles at an organization are also constitutive of the organization s identity in that they define what the values of the organization are. In addition to this, a contribution to bureaucratic culture at IOs, are their different areas of expertise and what kind of people work there. The IEIs are economically oriented organizations working within the areas of international trade, development and poverty alleviation, and financial issues. Traditionally, although this is changing slowly, these organizations have been staffed primarily with individuals educated and experienced within these fields. While this is quite natural it also contributes to what can be called epistemic communities in these organizations. This can have both positive as well as negative effects. It is positive in that it contributes to effectiveness and expertise, but it also limits critical and alternative input. It may lead to dysfunctional behavior because of unwillingness to take in alternative ideas and information  [9]  . The bureaucratic culture thus informs how staff und erstands and interprets problems, as well as what problems they see. This also suggests that IOs may develop their interests over time as long as it is within the general frames of the original mission. Interpretation is necessary from the beginning as IOs are often given broad mission goals like promoting financial stability which the then has to be turned into a manageable set of goals  [10]  . Authority and Autonomy As bureaucracies IOs also have authority  [11]  . The fact that they have been delegated their responsibility by states is central but there are different dimensions to IOs authority as well. Their bureaucratic character as well as other characteristics of IOs contributes to their independent authority and also to autonomy. IOs autonomy is an issue that has been discussed in trying to account for what has been called mission creep in IOs. One way of explaining autonomous IO behavior and such mission creep that fits within the rationalist perspective, is by focusing on the distribution of information between an agent and its principals  [12]  . It can be argued that IOs have access to more information than their principals which they then use to further their own interest. Despite this IOs may have an informational advantage in certain issue areas that they may, but not necessarily will, use. But important point here is that; why would IOs have diverging interests from that of their members? As suggested above, seeing IOs as bureaucracies provide us with insights as to why IOs may develop their interests. IOs often have normative goals that they try to advance. Member-states would however in the rationalist view have a central role in defining the mission and underlying norms. For example the creation of conditionality on loans and the promotion of increased transparency in member-states by the IMF and the World Bank have produced both resistance from some states and support from other states. States of course have mechanisms to keep IOs in check, primarily by having representatives at the organization  [13]  . Evaluation mechanisms at IOs also serve the function of keeping states informed. While states may have an interest in limiting transparency at IOs in some cases, increased transparency could also be seen as a positive development to improve state control of the organization and accountability of the organization towards member-states. In being bureaucracies, IOs have a rational-legal character, they are authorities because they have been delegated this authority but also because of their bureaucratic organization and expertise. The IMF is seen as the guarantor for international financial stability, the World Bank as a central IO working for development. IOs are often perceived as promoting the general welfare of their members, which they have to balance against particular interests of member-states. These sources of authority contribute to IOs being authorities in themselves and also consequently contribute to their autonomy. IOs are not of course autonomous or nor can they likely be entirely autonomous. Analysis of the Discussion There are various perspectives on IOs, and how we should understand them as actors? The arguments reflect that IOs are relevant actors, and although they are set up by states and states as their principals can have a degree of autonomy in them. This does not mean that IOs should be considered independent actors or they are making up their own interests as they go. IOs will likely have different degrees of autonomy depending on the original design by states for their functioning, but autonomy can also come from other sources. Like organizations expertise and informational advantage can contribute to autonomy in some cases. The expansion of the IEIs in the light of globalization has lead some to argue that these organizations constitute an elitist system of governance unaccountable to both member-states and people affected by their policies. This simplified picture is not really helpful in understanding the roles that the IEIs play in the international political economy or the environm ent in which they operate. In many ways the IEIs have been successful in pursuing their missions of trade and financial liberalization  [14]  . They have been able to adapt to a changing environment and find new issues to deal with as others have become less important. They have also persisted through various crises and have been central in solving problems. This reflects a concern over how these organizations are accountable to both shareholders and stakeholders and the character of the developing system of global economic governance. Legitimacy of this system should base on output oriented logic. In this way its effectiveness will matter the most. Furthermore, the inclusion of stakeholders in decision-making could play a prominent role. The International Monetary Fund The IMF as an organization has developed significantly from its creation reflecting the changing needs of member-states and developments in the world economy. The IMF has expanded over the years and has become increasingly engaged in prescribing economic policy for states in a way that was not originally intended  [15]  . The IMF since the 1980s increasingly deals with the domestic economies of states that want to draw from the Funds resources and prescribe economic policy through conditionality requirements on loans to developing countries. The IMF is an expert bureaucratic organization and an authority on international financial issues. To be perceived as an impartial and expert organization is important for the IMF to retain its legitimacy and importance. From the beginning the IMF has had a liberal ideological orientation to promote free movement of capital and contribute to economic growth. That the organization has been primarily staffed with economists in turn also affect how problems are interpreted and what kind of solutions are developed  [16]  . The staff of IMF need to interpret the mission given, identifies problems, and develops solutions that are likely to be successful while being sensitive to the interests of member states. The World Bank The World Bank of today has changed significantly from its origin both in its organization and in the policies it promotes. The Bank, like the IMF, has conditions attached to most of its loans and has moved further into previously domestic issues in order to pursue its mission of poverty alleviation and development. Originally the World Bank consisted of only one institution, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD). With time a number of auxiliary organizations were created; the International Financial Corporation (IFC) in 1956; the International Development Association (IDA) in 1960; the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) in 1966; and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) in 1988. These together form the World Bank Group, while the IBRD and IDA are usually referred to as just the World Bank or simply the Bank. Unlike the IMF the Bank (IBRD) provides project specific long-term loans, but also development polic y loans to support institutional and policy change in borrowing countries. Although now strongly influenced by similar economic ideals as the IMF, the Bank has previously promoted and supported various development models  [17]  . In the 1980-90s the Bank became more engaged in issues of institutional and policy change in borrowing countries  [18]  . The organization has continuously been a target for criticism by NGOs and various other critics. But the World Bank has however changed more quickly and in slightly different ways than the IMF in response to legitimacy critique. How to Share Responsibility Before going further in the discussion of global governance, we need to understand the concept of power first. Following could be the important factors to determine a states power: geographical extension, population and military capacity etc. Considering this, and in order to achieve a democratic sharing of responsibilities on the principle of one person one vote. Now is the time when US and EU should really recognize the shift of economic power, energy power and of GDP power to Asia and other emerging economies. After the rise of China, US and EU should think about the other powers in developing countries. The world is progressing day by day and world powers should realize this change. As world is shifting very quickly and many countries are approaching them for forcing them to play their neutral role for the betterment of the world. The US and EU need to think of making IMF and World Bank more open and give representation to the developing countries of the world. If they are not going to act wisely, then there is possibility that other growing countries get frustrated soon and try to create their own multilateral institutions like IMF and World Bank. They could change the situation by giving up from their longstanding monopolies for appointing heads for the IMF and World Bank. (Traditionally Europe names IMF Director General and the US the h ead of the WB). EU and US should adopt the global changing economic reality and give up the leadership of World Bank and IMF for their own good  [19]  . Chinas Role in Global Governance China is rapidly integrating into the international system, but still a new player in global governance while the EU and its member states have rich experience in global governance. General literature on Chinas growing international importance is abundant; but there is still only a limited understanding of the motivations, targets and limitations driving Chinas participation in global governance. According to the literature there are four global governance arenas as key research areas, namely climate change, energy, trade, and development because they are global issues of particular concern for both Europe and China. It is most important to consider that mutual understanding and dialogue are indispensable tools for constructing global governance structures for the world. Since the onset of the financial crisis there have been suggestions to form a Group of Two (G-2) consisting of the United States and China. This proposal is based on the facts that China is the largest creditor of the US, the US is Chinas biggest export destination, and the strong interdependence of their two economies provides a foundation for joint action that can shape the global economy. This thinking is tempting when the Group of Eight is seen as reflecting an outdated balance of power and the Group of 20 is considered too diluted to respond to global challenges. Yet a G-2 would give a false assumption about stronger global governance and China would probably not deliver in such a format. We can say it like this [The] steady and fast growth of Chinas economy is in itself an important contribution to global financial stability. Or look at the closing statement of the National Peoples Congress: We have prepared enough backup firepower to deal with potential greater difficulties, a nd new stimulus packages, if necessary, will be launched.  [20]   Some Chinese are flattered by the suggestion of a G-2. It suggests China is a global power. But on the other hand Chinese realize that they are not yet ready for this. It could have another dimension and that it could be a potential trap for China that could expose it on the world stage. China is active in international reform with focus on internal growth and active foreign policy in financial and monetary matters. China is on the center court of international decision-making to protect a system of economic globalization that has provided China with many benefits. That is reflected in diplomatic efforts undertaken with regard to financial reform and the International Monetary Fund, as well as floating suggestions regarding a new reserve currency. Chinas foreign policy is still deeply rooted in non-interference and at its best conflict-avoidance. The US-China relationship is one of the most important bilateral relationships. There is need for tight coordination between the US and Chi na. Yet, to turn that into a G-2 will create an illusion of global governance that will not deliver on its promise. Is China Prepared for Global Leadership? Few years ago, some in the West warned of Chinas coming collapse but now, almost all hopes for global economic recovery are pinned on China, the only major economy still enjoying growth during the current global financial crisis. China has long sought to make others believe that it is one of the greatest countries on the planet. But China is not yet ready to take the leaders role, as it is a revisionist rather than revolutionary state. Chinas effective response enhances its image as the savior of a struggling global economy. Therefore, its proposals for the international economic order have attracted attention. President Hu Jintao became the star of the London Summit. Zhou Xiaochuan, governor of Chinas central bank, also won world wide fame for his suggested new international reserve currency, managed by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), to replace the US dollar. Chinas new offer of a loan to the IMF was also considered a step toward raising its voice in the international financ ial institutions (IFIs)  [21]  . Although China undoubtedly wields significant economic and political influence, its society contains the fundamental weaknesses of an underdeveloped country. It still has far to go to be a global leader in quantity and quality. With its domestic focus, Chinas government does not think it is time to take primary responsibility for global prosperity and stability. But China can still be more active in global governance and the G20 is an appropriate forum for China to exert its influence on global issues. Chinas rising power enhances the effectiveness of the G20 because a stronger China will improve the power balance in the group, as well as its legitimacy. Here there is no need to deny the differences between the advanced and emerging economies. The developed world is always willing to forget how countries became developed. For instance, developed countries claim that developing countries are stealing their intellectual property and that all countr ies need the strictest regulations to protect their intellectual property, overlooking the fact that they have control of most of it and that they were also imitating and copying during their development process. These differences, as well as Chinas power, help to ensure that the G20 will be a democratic and balanced forum for countries in various stages of development to revise the existing global economic system. Critical Analysis of Chinas Position for Global Governance China has brought forward ideas on the reform of the international institutions. But it is not trying to overturn the existing system and does not yet have its own blueprint for future global governance. It is trying only to reform some deficiencies that conflict with its own interests and values, as China is not yet in a position to take on the responsibility to lead. Moreover, China has enjoyed unprecedented growth under the current system. With regard to global economic governance, it will take into account the interests and requests of developing countries and reduce the control of industrialized countries. China also shares many common interests with the developed world. Cooperation rather than confrontation will help China achieve its goal of revising the international economic order. Because China has benefited much from its WTO membership, and the economic downturn has demonstrated that the Chinese economy still depends heavily on foreign demand, China needs to take a more ag gressive and accommodating stance in the coming negotiations, for instance, by offering more radical market-opening commitments in services and agriculture. On sustainable development, however, China is more defensive. The United States and the European Union have proposed a carbon tariff, which China strongly opposes. For China, this proposal ignores the differences between developed and developing countries for the historical responsibility of climate change, as well as regarding their present levels of development. Here, China again has a strong sense of identity as a developing country. Although it is excited by its acceptance as a major world power, China is not yet prepared to take a leading role in assuming responsibility for global prosperity. In terms of its economic and political development, it is still a developing country. China has therefore neither the capability nor the willingness to establish a new international system to replace the existing one. China, rather, us es the current system, while trying to change parts of it to sustain its own interests. This rising China is revisionist rather than revolutionary, and will help the recovery of the global economy and the reform of international economic order. Globally, I think China should actively participate in global governance constructive. From a longer-term perspective, China should participate in many global issues such as climate change and food security, and offer suggestions with vision. The world power shift has been happening in a peaceful way, without wars. But in reshaping international economic and financial territories, trade wars and protectionism are threats China and other countries must face. China is rapidly integrating into the international system, but still a new player in global governance while the EU and its member states have rich experience in global governance. While general literature on Chinas growing international importance is abundant, there is still only a limit ed understanding of the motivations, targets and limitations driving Chinas participation in global governance. The rise of China will undoubtedly be one of the great dramas of the twenty-first century. Chinas extraordinary economic growth and active diplomacy are already transforming East Asia, and future decades will see even greater increases in Chinese power and influence. But exactly how this drama will play out is an open question. Will China overthrow the existing order or become a part of it? And what, if anything, can the United States do to maintain its position as China rises? Conclusion The size and rapid growth of China, together with its increasing assertiveness, represent a challenge to the established global order. The dynamics and the future impacts of these power shifts for global governance and Chinas rise will create tensions varies according to the ways in which the basic interests of China and Western countries clash. Correspondingly, China has been playing a responsible, cooperative and constructive role in many areas. We can find contributions from China at nearly every big global or regional occasion. But meanwhile, Chinas domestic economic measures have helped create opportunities for other countries. In this way, the stimulus package has been designed and implemented in a balanced way. China is against trade protectionism and actively participating in redesigning international financial institutions. And the efforts are gradually delivering results. We can say China, as a growing power, is playing its role well. It is a suggestion that China should wo rk more aggressively to establish partnerships with international organizations such as the International Monetary Fund and World Bank. On the other hand some states will have more influence in an organization than others but an IO needs to find a balance between the interests of its members and the organizations interests in promoting its mission and continued existence. The US and EU need to think of making IMF and World Bank more open and give representation to the developing countries of the world. Chinas new activism should be encouraged as part of its transformation into a responsible stakeholder. A strengthened partnership and contribution from China can, in turn, boost its role and performance globally. At the same time, Chinas partnership with the United States is very important. The bilateral partnership is the key to the success of Chinas role on the global stage. The Western countries are losing power, and we have to admit the US has been severely affected by the financi al crisis. However, the US is still a robust society. Its high-tech industry is still leading its economy. Furthermore, economic cooperation between the US and China is much needed but world governance is still about more than economics.

How Does the Childhood Obesity Rates Compare in Wales and Usa

How Does The Childhood Obesity Rates Compare in Wales and USA Intro I have chosen the issue of childhood obesity in Wales and America. I have chosen this issue as obesity is a main problem in today’s society, and I want to see how Wales compares to what is known as the ‘Fattest’ country, America. Also I hope to find out the main reasons behind the high or low rates in obesity. This topic interests me as it has a big impact on today’s youth, and I as a rugby player would prefer to see more people out exercising than sitting in the house eating. Aims For my investigation I have found both secondary and primary information.My secondary information is from various sources off the internet. This will help me find out the information I need such as rates of obesity in Wales and USA, and also give me a better understanding of the issue. I will use facts and figures from my research to give a clear outlook of childhood obesity. For my primary information I produced a questionnaire to hand out to a range of people. Twenty five of these questionnaires will be given out to children aged eleven to sixteen, and the other twenty five will be handed to adults. This will give me a two different view points which could contrast or be very similar.From this I should be able to see what the main cause of childhood obesity is, and shall show my findings in graph form to show clearly my results. I will show a clear understanding of the issue chosen by looking at both view points (adult and children), this will give me a balanced view and not a bias one. I shall also then produce an overall conclusion about my investigation and evaluate the quality of my findings too. Issue Childhood obesity has nowadays become a serious health matter world wide. â€Å"Obesity is an abnormal accumulation of body fat, usually 20% or more over an individual's ideal body weight.Obesity is associated with increased risk of illness, disability, and death. † [www. answer. com] Even though obesity does not affect every child, it is becoming more increasing. Also with obesity comes health problems, maybe not straight away but in the future, these problems could be such things as diabetes, heart disease, cholesterol and heart attacks which could lead to an early death. In today’s world many people had a part to play in the rising obesity figures. Today's reliance on cheap convenience and fast foods make it easy to consume large amounts of calories and they are well advertised to children.Only a very few children are overweight due to medical problems. Parents may be feeding their child too much at a young age, therefore making them obese before they have a choice of what to eat and what not to eat, from this when the grow up a bit they may feel depressed and look to food for comfort, only making the problem worse. Another reason is that in schools the amount of physical activity has dropped, with more children getting lifts to school too, and ch ildren now prefer to sit on the computer or watch the T. V. than going out and playing. Secondary ResearchFor my secondary research I planed to find rates of obesity for both Wales and America, and see how much/if the rates have risen through the years. I am expecting to find an increase over the years and hopefully find an explanation to why this is happening. Also I plan to find out if the government has any plans to try help this issue and decrease the rates. I hope to find that most information gives the similar answers, so I can then find out who is most responsible for the rates increasing. The figures of childhood obesity all over Europe are rising quickly, and up to 400,000 deaths each year in Europe are linked to excess weight.In America it has 25,814 deaths related to obesity a year, this is close to the European number for just one country. Therefore proving obesity is a huge problem within today’s everyday life. In Wales around 10% of six year olds are obese, with it rising to 17% of 15 year olds being obese. It is said that Welsh children are now among the fattest in the world, aged ten to fifteen years old. With the United Kingdom number three in the world with 23% of the population being classed as obese. RankCountry%Population Obesity 1USA30. 6 2Mexico24. 2 3United Kingdom23 information from http://www. nationmaster. com/graph/hea_obe-health-obesity) America is rated the number one for obesity in the whole world, with a 30. 6% of the population being classed as obese. Also it has had its own T. V. documentary show done on it, â€Å"Super Size Me† which shows what Americans eat and the drastic damage it can do to your body. I have found from my research that child obesity is a major issue in Wales and more so, America. There needs to be drastic changes to try solve this problem, yet there doesn’t seem anyone/any organisation big enough to do so.However, there are small changes over world that I have noticed, such as schools taking out more fatty foods and bringing in new healthy options to take there place. This started with Jamie Oliver going round Britain looking at school dinners and then giving the children a new healthy option. Also from my research I have found that in both America and Wales the main cause seems to be an unhealthy diet combined with a lack of exercise. High-calorie foods such as chocolates, sweets and fast food are cheap and readily available to children.Alongside this, physical activity and exercise are no longer a part of most children's days – some children never walk or cycle to school or play sport. Instead, many of them spend hours in front of a television or computer. With this being the main cause it seems that the parents are also to be blamed for not controlling or joining in with activities in their children’s lives, if this is the case it may be a hard trend to get out of. Primary Research For my primary research I decide to produce 50 questionnaires to hand out, twenty five went to children aged eleven to sixteen and twenty five to adults.I have done this to try give a balanced view on what people of the area believe the main cause of obesity could be. However I know with questionnaire that you do not always get all of them back completed fully and appropriately, but I cannot let this effect me as it happens to everyone. Fourteen of the adults I asked to complete my questionnaire had children while eleven didn’t, but I found this did not affect my findings significantly. Below I will show you a few results of my questionnaire in graph form, and also a copy of the questionnaire I gave out. Who do you think is responsible for the wellbeing of obese children? (Adults)Who do you think is responsible for the wellbeing of obese children? (Children) As you can see from the graphs, there is a slight trend in who people believe to be responsibility, this is the parents. However from the adult graph you can see that parents come seco nd behind cheap foods, but this could be that the parents asked did not feel it was their fault and felt it was someone else’s. What do you believe the main cause for child obesity is? (Adults) What do you believe the main cause for child obesity is? (Children) From the above graphs you can see most adults saw junk food being the main cause for obesity, then parental control.I agree with this as junk food has become more advertised and easier to get hold of in today’s society, and with lack of parental control over their children they give in to them and let them have junk food or let them watch the T. V. instead of controlling them and giving them the healthy option and time slots for video gaming. However, in the children’s graph you can see they feel the school meals are to blame. I disagree with my findings here as I believe the children who have done the questionnaire have been more boas towards the rest of the options and not voted for them as much as it i s what they like in today’s life.Instead of going out, they prefer to sit in watching T. V. instead of eating healthy, they snack on junk foods. I find the adults graph to be more realistic in finding the main cause, but to get a balanced opinion I had to look at what children in my age range thought. Conclusion After looking over all my findings from both my primary and secondary research I have been able to come to a valid conclusion on the topic I chose to look at, Childhood Rates of Obesity in Wales and USA. It is easy to say that America is most obese country out of the two, with it being ranked number one for obesity in the whole world, with 30. % of the population being obese. I found that childhood obesity can be caused by a number of issues. Firstly the way children are brought up; if they are brought up on junk food it is hard to get out of this bad habit and they will carry on this into their adulthood and then carrying it on to their children. Another reasons is t he bombardment of fast food and its advertisement, this entices people to go to a fast food restaurant like McDonalds which is full of unhealthy foods that some people chose to live off instead of making a healthy meal in their house.In Wales the rates may not be as high as America, but they are still a great deal of children classed as obese. This has become a bigger problem in Britain over the past few years, with Britain being number 3 in the world rankings for obesity. However, there has been some Government work towards solving this problem such as change in school meals and healthier advertisements for restaurants like Pizza Hut and McDonalds, but most people feel this isn’t enough and more work could be done to help. EvaluationI encountered a number of problems during my research for both secondary and primary research. With my primary research the main problem I had was getting the questionnaires back in fully completed, also once in I was able to see that some may ha ve been done quickly and not completed seriously. The main problem with the secondary research was finding appropriate websites that can be trusted and give valid information. With so much on obesity it was difficult to find the right sources, however once found it was relatively simple to extract the information needed.Another problem that occurred was the size of both countries, Wales being a tiny country compared to America so it was hard to compare the rates in both. Overall though, I felt my investigation went well and what I believed was true, that USA was higher in childhood obesity than Wales. If I had to do this investigation again I would change two parts to what I have done, firstly I would have chosen a different country to USA due to its size over Wales, now looking back I think it would have been better to have pick a country such as France.The other change to my investigation would be with the questionnaire, I would ask more people to try get a wider picture instead o f a small amount which may not be an accurate opinion of the country in hand.Websites Usedhttp://news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/wales/2997940. stmhttp://www. cdc. gov/nchs/products/pubs/pubd/hestats/overweight/overwght_child_03. htmhttp://www. nationmaster. com/graph/hea_obe-health-obesity

Jacob Marley Essay

A Christmas Carol’ is a Victorian tale that is loved by millions worldwide. It was written by Charles Dickens in 1843 and combines the harsh reality of poverty in Victorian times with the joy of Christmas and ghosts. The reason why we celebrate at Christmas is due to Charles Dickens himself, with food, parties and the festive spirit. The story also has a moral to it. It focuses around one man Ebenezer Scrooge and his greed for money, his hate for Christmas and a journey through past, present and future. Throughout the novel Charles Dickens uses a number of techniques to get across the message of poverty and differences in class and he aims to stimulate the reader’s social conscience and draw attention to the plight of the poor in Victorian London. One of the main techniques that Dickens uses is to set the story around Christmas. Christmas is a time of happiness and celebration and Dickens emphasizes the merriness of this festive time by describing it as a ‘joyous occasion’. Dickens goes into great detail when describing the feast that is had at Christmas using phrases like its ‘tenderness and flavor’ and ‘there never was such a goose’. But the main reason for the story to be set at Christmas is that Scrooge is the exact opposite of a festive person. He refers to Christmas as ‘a time for paying bills without money’ and whenever and wherever it’s mentioned the famous mutter of ‘Bah Humbug’ is stubbornly given as a reply. In the story Charles Dickens’ nephew plays a major part in trying to persuade his uncle Scrooge that Christmas time is a ‘kind, forgivable, charitable, and pleasant time’. The word ‘charitable’ though, has no meaning whatsoever to Scrooge as when he is approached by two charity collectors and asked whether he would donate some money, his immediate reply was to say ‘are there no prisons, are there no workhouses? ‘ and that judgment shows his utter lack of Christmas spirit, but I bet he wish he never said that as that line comes back to ‘haunt him’. ‘Scrooge! a squeezing, wrenching, grasping, scraping, clutching covetous old sinner! Hard and sharp as a flint , from which no steel had ever struck out generous fire ; secret and self contained, and solitary as an oyster’. Another of Dickens techniques used is his detailed character exaggeration of Scrooge. The way in which Scrooge is described and the words used are so ‘Dickens like’, as sentence after sentence of in depth words and phrases are used. In his school days, he was very serious and was more interested in his education than Christmas. Later in his life he had a fianci e and he used to enjoy the festivities. Money then took over his life and he has rejected everyone ever since and because of this, even though he is financially richer, his life is much poorer. Scrooge’s house isn’t his; it is the late Marley’s. He just hasn’t changed the name. As described in the book; ‘he keeps the house quite neat’. He checks each room, and from his description he keeps the house in pristine condition. In a sense his house reflects his personality. The way Dickens conveys the message, the house is quite dull. Scrooge is an accountant and manages his own business. Accountancy can sometimes be seen as quite dull and boring; again the occupation could reflect the person within. He treats his employees in a mean way. He gives them small wages and when it is bitterly cold, he won’t let them have coal for the fire. The firm is a cold dark place at any time of the year. The whole business is cold and described using words of that nature. Scrooge really believes that his business is very successful and he is undoubtedly wealthy because of its success. Surely though he has neglected the social side of life and must not be very rich emotionally. One way to describe this portrayal is by use of the weather to reflect the character’s mood. At the beginning, cold words are used to Describe Scrooge, such as ‘froze’ and ‘foul weather’, giving the impression to the reader of his coldness as a character. At the end of the novella, in contrast, he is described with warm words, for example, ‘golden sunlight’ and ‘smoked’. This gives the impression to the reader that Scrooge has under gone and complete transformation from being a cold, stubborn character into a warm, caring, compassionate person. Everything he now does is in direct opposition to his actions at the beginning of the story. Another technique Dickens uses is his account of the ghosts and the metaphors he uses when describing them. The first supernatural being to visit Scrooge is the ghost of Jacob Marley – Scrooge’s deceased working partner. The appearance of this spirit is directly similar to what Marley wore in his first life when he was a slave to money – exactly like Scrooge. These same working clothes show how he is still chained down by the burden of money and that his afterlife has been made rather painful by being a slave to work. Marley’s ghost is warning Scrooge that if he doesn’t change his character, he will too be burdened in his afterlife. The spirit also foretells the appearance of three more ghosts. The chains ‘clasped about his middle’ and all the different items that are wrought to the chain all symbolize money and greed of the spirit. The cash-boxes and the keys all represent the hiding away of money and keeping the wealth to themselves and not sharing the abundance of money. The imagery of heavy objects such as the ‘padlocks’ and ‘steel purses’ show how laden the ghost is with the weight of the money. The ‘ledgers’ and ‘deeds’ show the detailed accounts of money and proper ownership and this is a symbol that everything has to be accounted for, no money can pass by the scrutiny of the accountant which is so true to Scrooge’s life. Apart from being immensely weighted down by his possessions of greed which held back his life, Marley was transparent. This was so obvious that Scrooge could see the two buttons on the back of his coat. This transparency conveys the sense that this person was never a normal human; he was a chilling figure who lacked some human qualities that most usual persons have. This is a ghost which freezes the presence around him with his ‘death cold eyes’ and his ‘chilling influence’, he is cold, like his life. He has no real substance and the only apparent clear images Scrooge can see of this spirit are the symbols of hoarding, selfishness and greed.

African American Ethnic Group

African American Ethnic Group African Americans are citizens of United States of America forming an African American ethnic minority group whose ancestral land is Africa. Perhaps one of the poignant questions to ask is on how these African descendants arrived in America. From the age period of 1620 to around 1865, there was massive slave trade taking place in Africa to the west especially in countries like France, Belgium and England. In the west, these captives intermarried themselves and with white people, hence siring the African American ethnic group.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on African American Ethnic Group specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As captives, the group faced serious challenges composing of racial discrimination, prejudice and segregation. The white Americans took them as tools and elements of hard labor with poor or no pay in return. Moreover, these African Americans had no right to do anything leave alone airing their own view s or making their own decisions. The dual labor market hit them hard as most of them were not educated and even if the white Americans allowed them to go to school, education was expensive for them. In addition to that, the white Americans did not allow black American children to sit in the same class with their white counterparts. Redlining became common in those days (Kolchin, 1994, pp.78-83). The American history denotes that, even if the labor market became decentralized, African American ethnic minority group had little knowledge on the operation of these markets. Low level of knowledge meant derailment of African Americans from acquiring high stake office jobs perceived to belong to white Americans only. The only place for work available for the African American minorities was hard labor jobs like digging and other manual activities (Beijborn, 1996, Para.5-7). The environmental setup of the black people in America did not allow them to question the deeds of the white man and t he inequalities they met. In unison, the African Americans struggled in vain to meet their liberties albeit a myriad of obstacles. In return, the white Americans fought mercilessly to deny them civil right liberties. For example, they had no right to neither vote nor choose a leader of their own. Segregation became dominant right from education to food to clothing and accommodation. In the south of America, segregation laws applied strongly eliminating black Americans from schooling in white schools. The white Americans barred African Americans from achieving federal rights like employment rights as a form of discriminating them (Magar, 2009, Para.2-8). Another issue of concern was affirmative action, which violated the rights of women. Sexual harassment to black women was common, leading to race ethnic clashes. Race ethnic sex generated racism imperfectly. Consequently, racism took precedent so strong to quicken liberation front then civil war escalated.Advertising Looking for essay on ethnicity studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In fact, for every three white Americans killed, about fifty African Americans died as well. To prove these facts, during the electoral process of 1867, a gang called Ku Klux Klan terrorized, maimed, and massacred black Americas with authority from the elite white Americans. There was prejudice and segregation to any African American who dared to vote or take formal education. However, not all white Americans were happy with the ongoing discriminations, prejudices and racism attacks. A quite high percentage of white Americans supported the move while others rejected it vehemently and hence subjected themselves to attacks. African American prejudice, discrimination and segregation exist even up to today in America. To end these vices, African Americans formed civil rights movements to liberate them and assign them freedom. Through liberation, mass murder and exec ution of civil rights kingpins like martin Luther King and others, the war became almost a success. However, even up to today the prejudices and discriminations including still hold is an American society (Hooker, 1999, Para. 6, 8-9). In conclusion, the civil rights act of 1964 rescued African Americans from incessant segregations in employment bureaus, political, economic arena including involvements in doing business hence, stabilizing their economic standards. The climax of their liberation and perhaps the greatest achievement of black and white supremacy in United States of America is the election of Barack Obama as the as the first black president. Reference List Beijbom, U. (1996.) A Review of Swedish Emigration to America. European Emigration. Web. Hooker, R. (1999). African-Americans in the American Revolution. Web. Kolchin, P. (1994). American Slavery: 1619-1877. New York: Hill and Wang.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on African American Ethnic Group specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Magar, P. (2009). Racism against African Americans. Buzzle.com. Retrieved from https://historyplex.com/racism-against-african-americans

buy custom The Sarbanes-Oxley Act essay

buy custom The Sarbanes-Oxley Act essay The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 was passed with a purpose of increasing reliability and accuracy of the corporate reporting, auditing and accounting practices and with the purpose of ensuring that there is an independence of securities analyst recommendations and advice. This federal law Sarbanes-Oxley act explains on the law of employment at will, where the employers have the right to fire employees for a good reason, a defective one or no reason at all. This law was to protect the corporate whistleblowers. In some cases, the corporations should use the restrictive covenants to limit the rights of employees who leave their work place for competitors. This will help companies to protect their confidential information from getting out of the company. Here, the employees have no right to leave the company at their own will so that they can go and work in another company. This is because they have signed a contract, and they must adhere to it. The Act enhances disclosure requirements, creates new federal crimes, increases accounting oversight and corporate accountability, and increases the penalties to be imposed on the existing federal crimes. This helps in strengthening the accounting oversight and corporate accountability. The Act raises the standards of the corporate accountability and transparency. Jones, Day, Reavis Pogue (2002) look into the details of the Act. On corporate accountability: There is a ban on loans to the directors and the officers. Personal loans to any of the issuers directors or executive officers are not allowed. There is an exemption, however, if they are to be made in the ordinary course of the issuers lending business on the terms that they should not be more favorable than those loans offered to the general public. The principal executive officer and the principal financial officer must certify the periodic reports. This means that they must certify that they have reviewed the reports given to the SEC, and that the reports fairly present the issuers financial condition, they do not have any false statements or they have not left out material facts, and that the internal control standards are satisfied. The CEO and the chief financial officer must forfeit any bonuses, profits and incentive-based and equity-based compensation made from the sale of securities received during the 12 months following the 1st release of the noncompliant reports. If an issuer is required to restate its financial statements because of misconduct especially if the certain misconduct led to material noncompliance with the reporting requirements. The Act requires that each listed companys audit committee oversees the accounting firm that the issuer employs, should be comprised only of members who are independent from the issuer, should have the funding and authority to engage independent advisors and that the committee develops the procedures relevant for handling auditing and accounting complaints. The Act permits the SEC to prohibit any person who has previously violated the anti-fraud provisions of the securities laws from serving as an officer or director of an issuer. The Act prohibitsexecutive officers and directors of issuers from purchasing, transferring or even selling any securities during any blackout periods. Should the directors and the officers go ahead and trade during the blackout periods, the issuer has the right to recover any profits made. The Act requires that the SEC should set minimum standards of professional conduct for the attorneys representing the issuers. These standards spell out that the attorneys should report any material violation of security laws or any breach of fiduciary duty. On accounting and auditor regulation All the auditors must retain their review and audit work papers and reports for five years after the fiscal period which the reports were completed. The Act prohibits the auditors from providing some specified non-audit services to their clients such as legal services, management services, bookkeeping, tax services and other specified services brought forward by the Oversight Board. The Act provides that there must be an audit partner rotation and so the lead auditing partners can only perform auditing services for the same issuer for five years or less. It is illegal for the issuer to forcefully influence or mislead its auditors in order to render financial statements as misleading. The Act provides that all auditors must timely report to the issuers audit committee on issues relating to the policies and accounting practices to be used in the issuers audit, and that their services must be approved. The Act creates the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board that oversees all the auditing of the companies and establishes standards related to the preparation of audit reports. This board has the power to enforce compliance with the Act, conduct investigations and disciplinary proceedings, and enforce sanctions on the registered public accounting firms and their employees. On the issue of conflicts of interest, a registered accounting firm should not perform any audit services for an issuer whose management was employed by the registered firm during the preceding the audit. Case study John Williams works for a new auditing corporation firm as an auditor. His duties and responsibilities includes; ensuring that the public records of the corporation are kept accurately, analyzing and communicating all the financial information for various entities, ensuring that the corporation pays the right taxes at the right time and to some extent, he offers budget analysis services for the corporation, some limited legal services, financial and investment planning services and some information technology consulting. As an internal auditor to the firm, he must look out for any fraud and mismanagement of the firm. He is also responsible for reviewing the corporations operations, and ensures that they are compliant with the corporate policies and the government regulations. Since the corporation is new it does not currently have any SOX policy but it has to integrate one into its regulation systems. This is because being an auditing corporate firm; it has to comply with the SOX Act, meaning that it has to impose SOX policies into the corporation. The purpose of SOX policies is to communicate SOX internal controls provide a baseline for SOX improvement and build consistency in the corporation. The corporation should identify a target performance and thereafter communicate a series of actions to achieve the target. In other words, the corporation should identify the policy and come up with a procedure to achieve the policy. The SOX policy should be tailored to should ensure that it contains several important parts relevant to the auditing firm. For this corporation, it can have a policy that sets out the procedures and conditions that will be necessary for the pre-approval audit and the non-audit services that are allowed to be performed by the independent auditors. This policy should contain several clauses covering on that: the pre-approval requirement, and disclosure which addresses on the issue of the audit and the non-audit services that can be provided by the auditors of the corporation. These services can only be approved by the audit committee; prohibited services in the corporation. The corporation should not engage any independent auditor to provide any service not allowed by the law; a clause addressing the disclosure of the pre-approval policies and procedures which provides that the corporation should publicly disclose the audit committees pre-approval policies and procedures. These are som e of the clauses that can be tailored into the policy to ensure that the corporation is SOX compliant. However, these are not the only clauses applicable since the policy can be improved with time to ensure that it is effective in its procedures (McDonalds, 2011). For the company to be SOX compliant, it must be able to show that the information contained in their compliance audits is complete and accurate, it must be able to show that their quarterly and annual financial reports have been reviewed thoroughly, and that there has full disclosure of the procedure and controls through the same audits. It should also ensure that it reviews its policy annually just to ensure that it is being followed to the letter and to ensure compliance. This is the only way that the corporation will ensure that it is compliant to the SOX policies (WordSecure, 2007). Should there be a case of any violations that take place in the corporation in regards to the policy that has been put in place, the SOX Act provides some clauses that deal with the penalties that the corporation can impose on the violators. These clauses cover several violations like: document alteration or destruction, false certification of financial reports, securities frauds, penalty enhancements which covers on the increase of maximum penalties and prohibition on practice before the SEC which addresses the fact that the SEC reserves the right to deny an auditor the privilege of practicing before the SEC. These penalties all have grave consequences since most of them have jail sentences or high fines. This is because the Act wants to ensure that the corporation does not deceive the public by producing financial statements that put the corporation in a better position thus attracting investors and other interested clients. Buy custom The Sarbanes-Oxley Act essay

ALQAIDA TERRORIST ATTACK ON NEW YORK CITYS TIMES SQUARE DURING THE Essay

ALQAIDA TERRORIST ATTACK ON NEW YORK CITYS TIMES SQUARE DURING THE ANNUAL NEW YEARS EVE CELEBRATION USING CONCEALED IMPOVISED SPRAYING DEVICES TO DELIVER AN - Essay Example This forms the backdrop for this paper, which weighs the pros and cons on whether the al Qaeda has the motivation and capability to develop and use bio-weapons to carry out its mission of terror. A significant portion of the paper builds up the view that there is such an inclination, and that the likeliest targets are major US cities. The strongest candidate may be New York City, the possible terror attack to coincide with the traditional celebration of New Year's Eve. Part of the reasons is that in all the post-9/11 celebrations, the hundreds of thousands of Americans who joined the revelry came to challenge the terrorists to do their worst, invoking their sense of patriotism and hatred for terrorism. This constitutes a temptation that terrorists may not be able to resist. The most important section of the paper then sketches the possible actions that New York City and the federal government would take if and when such a bio-terror attack takes place. It also evaluates the wisdom and sufficiency of the preventive measures that the city and federal governments were compelled to undertake in the aftermath of 9/11 and the 2001 anthrax scare. Among the questions we want to address is the preparedness and capabilities of the city and federal health systems to deal with a large-scale bio-chemical attack, which represents the new threat to world peace and security that the world's health and defense systems have little familiarity as yet. Can the authorities act with efficiency and dispatch to minimize the loss of lives and confine the damageChapter 2 - Biochemical Weapons Biochemical weapons appeal to terrorists for three reasons: 1) they are easier and cheaper to acquire than nuclear devices and cause more casualties; 2) their effects on target population are hard to detect and counter; and 3) the threat of their use causes fear, which element the terrorists love most. The use of bio-weapons actually goes back to the siege

Strategic Management Unit 5 IP Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Strategic Management Unit 5 IP - Assignment Example A business is as good as its planning, controlling and implementation. During this study different strategic discussions will be there which would help the company to keep its footsteps in the Tennessee market. Strengths: - It is a very well known company throughout the USA. As it is very well known people can easily recall its name. Management of the company would not find any problem regarding their recognition of their products. Company makes good quality of musical instruments. Products are of very high quality. Customers are very stratified with the products made by company. Quality assurance is a real strength for the company. Price ranges of their products are also well within the reach of normal customers. Company is having a great pool of experienced work force. Tools Corp Corporation is having great after sales services facilities for their customers. After sales service is also a great strength for the company. Weakness: - Modern day musical instruments companies are coming up with different kinds of innovative products. Company is having certain set of products. Company is lacking in innovative products. Company has lesser stocks of products for sudden demand in the market. Company’s total working model is not that much technically advanced like other companies in the industry. Company is over dependent on one or two vendors. Every other player in the industry are giving importance to promotion and branding. Company is lacking in this aspect also. Opportunities: - Tennessee is a music loving state. People here are very fond of their music. As a musical instrument company it would create lots of opportunity for the company. Opportunities are very high as cost-effective musical instrument companies are in few numbers in this market. Whole lot of middle income people of Tennessee can be opportunity for the company. New and young people are making new bands. These types of new budding members of the state can be opportunity for the